NUR 185 Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
What lab values increase with dehydration?
BUN, hematocrit, urine specific gravity.
What is fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
When water is less than normal in the body.
What is another term for isotonic extracellular fluid deficit?
Hypovolemia.
What is dehydration (hypertonic extracellular fluid deficit)?
Deficiency of water without electrolyte deficiency.
What is fluid volume excess?
Too much water in the body.
Main signs of hypovolemia
Hypotension, weak rapid pulse, rapid respirations, decreased temperature, weight loss,
decreased urine output.
Why is urine output monitored closely in hypovolemia?
It indicates kidney perfusion and fluid status.
First priority treatment for hypovolemia
Correct the underlying cause (vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding).
Fluid replacement for hypovolemia
,Oral fluids or IV fluids.
Important nursing monitoring for hypovolemia
Daily weights and strict intake/output.
Safety intervention for hypovolemia patients
Fall precautions due to orthostatic hypotension.
Signs of fluid volume excess
Increased BP, increased respiratory rate, crackles, dyspnea, weight gain, moist mucous
membranes.
Neurological sign of cerebral edema in fluid overload
Pupils sluggish to light.
Causes of hyponatremia
Excess water intake, sodium loss, diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, SIADH.
Symptoms of hyponatremia
Headache, confusion, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension.
Treatment for hyponatremia
Fluid restriction, normal saline or LR, hypertonic sodium, Lasix, sodium added to diet.
Nursing priorities for hyponatremia
Monitor mental status, I&O, labs, vital signs, and fall precautions.
Causes of hypernatremia
Diabetes insipidus, diarrhea, vomiting, profuse sweating.
, Signs of hypernatremia
Thirst, flushed skin, dry mucous membranes, low urine output, tachycardia, restlessness.
Treatment for hypernatremia
IV fluids with decreased sodium, low sodium diet, D5W, drink water.
Causes of hypokalemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction, diuretics, corticosteroids, low intake.
Symptoms of hypokalemia
Muscle cramps, weakness, dysrhythmias, decreased bowel sounds, abdominal distention.
Treatment for hypokalemia
Potassium replacement and high potassium diet.
Causes of hyperkalemia
Renal failure, metabolic acidosis, burns, excessive potassium intake.
Key ECG sign of hyperkalemia
Peaked T waves.
Emergency treatments for hyperkalemia
Calcium gluconate, insulin + glucose, sodium bicarbonate, Kayexalate.
What hormone regulates calcium?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Symptoms of hypocalcemia
Tingling of face, lips, and hands; muscle twitching and cramps.
Answers
What lab values increase with dehydration?
BUN, hematocrit, urine specific gravity.
What is fluid volume deficit (FVD)?
When water is less than normal in the body.
What is another term for isotonic extracellular fluid deficit?
Hypovolemia.
What is dehydration (hypertonic extracellular fluid deficit)?
Deficiency of water without electrolyte deficiency.
What is fluid volume excess?
Too much water in the body.
Main signs of hypovolemia
Hypotension, weak rapid pulse, rapid respirations, decreased temperature, weight loss,
decreased urine output.
Why is urine output monitored closely in hypovolemia?
It indicates kidney perfusion and fluid status.
First priority treatment for hypovolemia
Correct the underlying cause (vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding).
Fluid replacement for hypovolemia
,Oral fluids or IV fluids.
Important nursing monitoring for hypovolemia
Daily weights and strict intake/output.
Safety intervention for hypovolemia patients
Fall precautions due to orthostatic hypotension.
Signs of fluid volume excess
Increased BP, increased respiratory rate, crackles, dyspnea, weight gain, moist mucous
membranes.
Neurological sign of cerebral edema in fluid overload
Pupils sluggish to light.
Causes of hyponatremia
Excess water intake, sodium loss, diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, SIADH.
Symptoms of hyponatremia
Headache, confusion, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension.
Treatment for hyponatremia
Fluid restriction, normal saline or LR, hypertonic sodium, Lasix, sodium added to diet.
Nursing priorities for hyponatremia
Monitor mental status, I&O, labs, vital signs, and fall precautions.
Causes of hypernatremia
Diabetes insipidus, diarrhea, vomiting, profuse sweating.
, Signs of hypernatremia
Thirst, flushed skin, dry mucous membranes, low urine output, tachycardia, restlessness.
Treatment for hypernatremia
IV fluids with decreased sodium, low sodium diet, D5W, drink water.
Causes of hypokalemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction, diuretics, corticosteroids, low intake.
Symptoms of hypokalemia
Muscle cramps, weakness, dysrhythmias, decreased bowel sounds, abdominal distention.
Treatment for hypokalemia
Potassium replacement and high potassium diet.
Causes of hyperkalemia
Renal failure, metabolic acidosis, burns, excessive potassium intake.
Key ECG sign of hyperkalemia
Peaked T waves.
Emergency treatments for hyperkalemia
Calcium gluconate, insulin + glucose, sodium bicarbonate, Kayexalate.
What hormone regulates calcium?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Symptoms of hypocalcemia
Tingling of face, lips, and hands; muscle twitching and cramps.
