Human Anatomy and
Physiology (6th Edition by
Elaine N. Marieb)
(2026-2027)
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, Chromosomes When a cell is dividing to form two daughter cells, the chromatin threads coil
and condense to form dense, rod-like bodies called ___________.
Plasma Membrane A fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and separates them
from the surrounding environment.
Hydrophobic The __________ makeup of the membrane interior makes the plasma membrane
relatively impermeable to most water-soluble molecules.
Tight Junctions Impermeable, bind cells together into leak-proof sheets
Desmosomes Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart
Gap junctions Allow communication between cells
Cytoplasm The cellular material outside the nucleus, inside the plasma membrane. The
"factory area" of the cell.
Cytosol Semi-transparent fluid that suspends other elements
Organelles Metabolic machinery of the cell
Mitochondria The "powerhouse" organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food
into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis found in two locations: free in cytoplasm, as part of
rough ER
ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum Fluid filled tubules for carrying substances
Golgi Apparatus Modifies and packages proteins ("Traffic Director"), produces different types of
packages