NURSING (2026)
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Topic Area aFocus
Historical figures, nursing
Topic 1: Nursing theorists, nursing
History & Theories organizations, QSEN
competencies
Assessment, diagnosis,
Topic 2: Nursing planning, implementation,
Process (ADPIE) evaluation, NANDA-I,
SMART goals
,Topic Area aFocus
Topic 3: Critical NCJMM, prioritization,
Thinking & Clinical Maslow's hierarchy,
Judgment clinical reasoning
Therapeutic vs. non-
Topic 4:
therapeutic
Communication &
communication, SBAR,
Therapeutic
teach-back, cultural
Relationships
competence
Ethical principles,
Topic 5: Legal & informed consent, HIPAA,
Ethical Issues advance directives,
restraints, delegation
SECTION 1: NURSING HISTORY & THEORIES
(Questions 1–20)
, 1. Whoisrecognizedasthefounderofmodern
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nursing?
m
A) ClaraBarton
m
B) DorotheaDix m
C) FlorenceNightingale m
D) MaryMahoney
m
Answer:C)FlorenceNightingale
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Rationale:FlorenceNightingaleisconsideredthe
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founderofmodernnursing.Sheestablishedthe
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firstnursingschool,improvedsanitationduring the
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CrimeanWar,anddevelopedthe Environmental
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Theory,whichemphasizedthe importanceof
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cleanair,water,andsanitationfor patientrecovery.
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2. AnurseisapplyingJeanWatson'sTheoryof
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HumanCaringinpractice.Whichactionbest
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demonstratesthistheory?
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A) Focusingsolelyonthepatient'sphysical m m m
symptoms
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