OD 515 An Intro to Genetics- Questions Exam 1 with
complete solutions.
Biological Information
the code of living
Types of genetics
-transmission: inheritance patterns
-molecular: DNA to proteins
-population: variation in groups
Genetics
the study of heredity and biological variation
Heredity
the process by which specific biological traits are passed from parents to offspring through DNA
Variation
the presence of differences among individual organisms
-inherited through code
-random mutation or environmental factors
What does variation (mutation) cause
it is the raw material for evolution and pathogenesis
Gene
a DNA segment that carries information for a functional product (protein or functional RNA)
, Allele
a specific version of a gene that can produce different traits or disease risks
Genome
the complete genetic material of an organism that includes genes and noncoding DNA
Why is DNA suitable for inheritance
it is very stable and can preserve biological information over time
What allows for information transfer of DNA
it can be copied very accurately during replication
What do mutations lead to
aging and disease; chronological age vs biological age
-very rarely they can be advantageous which drives evolution
What is DNA composed of
smaller molecular units called nucleotides
What is a nucleotide composed of
sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
-base specific pairing allows for accurate copying of genetic information
Chromosomes
large, organized DNA structures in the cell's nucleus
The chromosomal theory of inheritance states
complete solutions.
Biological Information
the code of living
Types of genetics
-transmission: inheritance patterns
-molecular: DNA to proteins
-population: variation in groups
Genetics
the study of heredity and biological variation
Heredity
the process by which specific biological traits are passed from parents to offspring through DNA
Variation
the presence of differences among individual organisms
-inherited through code
-random mutation or environmental factors
What does variation (mutation) cause
it is the raw material for evolution and pathogenesis
Gene
a DNA segment that carries information for a functional product (protein or functional RNA)
, Allele
a specific version of a gene that can produce different traits or disease risks
Genome
the complete genetic material of an organism that includes genes and noncoding DNA
Why is DNA suitable for inheritance
it is very stable and can preserve biological information over time
What allows for information transfer of DNA
it can be copied very accurately during replication
What do mutations lead to
aging and disease; chronological age vs biological age
-very rarely they can be advantageous which drives evolution
What is DNA composed of
smaller molecular units called nucleotides
What is a nucleotide composed of
sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
-base specific pairing allows for accurate copying of genetic information
Chromosomes
large, organized DNA structures in the cell's nucleus
The chromosomal theory of inheritance states
