D515 Molecular Cell Bio Lecture 1: Cell Structure &
Function with complete solutions.
non-living levels of organization
atom (element)
molecule (compounds like carbs and proteins)
living levels of organization
1. cell (make up ALL organisms)
2. tissue (cells working together)
3. organ
4. organ systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, ...)
5. organism
main characteristics of organisms
made of cells, require energy, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, organized, respond to the
environment, grow & develop, exchange materials with surroundings
what makes a tooth an organ?
-made of cells: osteoclasts, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, etc
-respond to environment: hot/cold, bacterial inflammation
-grow & develop: embryonic tooth development
-exchange: accept oxygen by tooth cells from circulation
what percent of a cell's volume is accounted for by water?
75%
, what do molecules as life serve as?
substrates for many reactions that take place inside the cell, including energy metabolism and
cell signaling
What form of amino acids are incorporated into proteins?
L-forms
What form of glucose can be metabolized?
D-form
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (components & how its made)
-store readily available chemical energy in two of its chemical bonds
-most common molecule used by cells to capture, store, and transfer energy
-formed by adenosine diphosphate + inorganic phosphate by photosynthesis in plants &
breakdown of sugars/fats in most cells
role of nucleic acids and proteins in life
-perform most cellular tasks
-keep our cells functional
cycle to regulate division in eukaryotic cells
G₀ and G1, S, G2, M
G₀ phase
waiting state
Function with complete solutions.
non-living levels of organization
atom (element)
molecule (compounds like carbs and proteins)
living levels of organization
1. cell (make up ALL organisms)
2. tissue (cells working together)
3. organ
4. organ systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, ...)
5. organism
main characteristics of organisms
made of cells, require energy, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, organized, respond to the
environment, grow & develop, exchange materials with surroundings
what makes a tooth an organ?
-made of cells: osteoclasts, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, etc
-respond to environment: hot/cold, bacterial inflammation
-grow & develop: embryonic tooth development
-exchange: accept oxygen by tooth cells from circulation
what percent of a cell's volume is accounted for by water?
75%
, what do molecules as life serve as?
substrates for many reactions that take place inside the cell, including energy metabolism and
cell signaling
What form of amino acids are incorporated into proteins?
L-forms
What form of glucose can be metabolized?
D-form
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (components & how its made)
-store readily available chemical energy in two of its chemical bonds
-most common molecule used by cells to capture, store, and transfer energy
-formed by adenosine diphosphate + inorganic phosphate by photosynthesis in plants &
breakdown of sugars/fats in most cells
role of nucleic acids and proteins in life
-perform most cellular tasks
-keep our cells functional
cycle to regulate division in eukaryotic cells
G₀ and G1, S, G2, M
G₀ phase
waiting state
