TEST BANK FOR Y F T L Y F T L
Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th
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YFT YFT L YFT L L
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YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
Edition
YFT L
Chapter 01:Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the —Internal
L
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Y L
T
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Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y T
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Y L L
T
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T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
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Y L
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Y
Environment‖
YFT L
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YFTL L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L
MULTIPLE CHOICE YFT L
1. Which of the following statements about homeostasis is incorrect? L
YFT YFT L L
YF T L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YF T L YF T L
a. It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment for the body.
YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFTL L
YF T YFTL YFT L Y FT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
b. Homeostatic mechanisms do not operate in diseases. YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFTL YFT L Y FT L
c. Homeostasis requires integrated actions of the cells, tissues, organs, and multiple YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YFT L
nervous, hormonal, and local control systems. L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L
d. Homeostatic compensations that begin after a major environmental challenge YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT
may
YFT L
contribute to abnormalities of body function. L
YFT L
YFT L
YF T YFT L YFT L
ANS: Y F T L B
2. What is the most abundant type of cell in the human body?
YFT L YFT L L
YF T YFTL YFT L L
YFT Y FT L L
YF T YF T L L
YFT YF T L
a. Neuron
b. Epithelial cell YFT L
c. Red blood cell YFT L YFT L
d. White blood cell YFT L YFT L
e. Vascular smooth muscle cell YFT L YFT L YFT L
f. Skeletal muscle cell YFT L L
YFT
ANS: Y F T L C
3. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of
L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
YFT that substance in the body is which of the following?
L L
YFT Y FT L YF T L Y FT L YF T L YF TL YFT L YF T L Y FT L
a. Protein, 30% YFT L
b. Protein, 60% YFT L
c. Water, 30% L
YFT
d. Water, 60% L
YFT
e. Carbohydrate, 30% YFTL
f. Carbohydrate, 60% YFTL
ANS: Y F T L D
4. If the feedback gain of a control system is
Y FT L 2.0, this means that the system is
L
YF T YF TL YFT L YF T L Y FT L YFT L YF T L Y F T L YFT L YF T L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L
a. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance
YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L YFT L YF TL YFT L YFTL YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
to YFT L
the system. YFT L
b. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance
YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L YFT L YF TL YFT L YFTL YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
to Y FT L
the system. YFT L
c. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance
YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L YFT L YF TL YFT L YFTL YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
to YFT L
ANS: Y F T L B
, 5. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular
L
YFT L
YFT YFTL L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?
L
YFT Y FT L YF T L YFT L YFT L YFT L Y FT L
a. Sodium ions YFT L
b. Potassium ions YFT L
c. Carbon dioxide YFT L
d. Glucose
e. Protein
ANS: Y F T L A
6. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs
L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
YFT L mainly in which of the following? Y FT L L
YF T YFT L YF TL Y FT L
a. Arteries
b. Arterioles
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
e. Veins
ANS: Y F T L C
7. What is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body?
YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YF T L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF TL L
YFT YFT L
a. Less than 50 angstroms YFT L Y FT L L
YFT
b. Less than 50 microns YFT L Y FT L L
YFT
c. Less than 50 millimeters YFT L Y FT L L
YFT
d. Less than 100 angstroms YFT L Y FT L YFT L
e. Less than 100 microns YFT L Y FT L YFT L
f. Less than 100 millimeters YFT L Y FT L YFT L
ANS: Y F T L A
8. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation
YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFTL
to traverse the entire circulatory circuit?
YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L YFT L YFT L
a. 1 second YFT L
b. 1 minute YFT L
c. 3 minutes YFT L
d. 4 minutes YFT L
e. 5 minutes YFT L
ANS: Y F T L B
9. The type of control system that can sometimes cause instability and vicious cycles
L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YF
T L
YFT L
YFT
is called
L
YFT Y FT L
a. negative feedback. YFTL
b. feed-forward control. L
YFT
c. positive feedback. YFT L
d. adaptive feedback. YFTL
e. delayed negative feedback. YFT L L
YFT
ANS: Y F T L C
10. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YF TL Y FT L YFT L YFT L YF T L YFT L L
YF T YFT L
a. Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L
b. Generation of action potentials in nerves YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L
c. Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the YFT L YFT L YF T L YFT L L
YFT Y FT L YF TL L
YFT Y FT L L
YFT
YFT blood
L
, d. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YF T L
YF T
increased blood pressure YFT L YFTL
ANS: Y F T L B
11. Which of the following is an example of a —feed-forward‖ control system?
L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YF
T L
YFT L
YFT
a. The arterial baroreceptor system YFT L YFTL YFT L
b. The progressive nature of uterine contractions during YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L
childbirth L
YFT
c. Control of skeletal muscle movements by the brain YF T L YF T L Y FT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L
d. Generation of an action potential YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L
ANS: Y F T L C
12. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
Example 1: Arterial baroreceptor control of blood
YFT L Y FT L YF T L L
YF T L
YFT YF T L YF T L
pressure
YFT L
Example 2: Excitation of the respiratory center by increased blood carbon dioxide
YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
concentration
YFT L
Example 3: Hemorrhagic shock caused by severe blood loss YFT L YFT L YF T L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT Y FT L YFTL
a. Example 1 only YFT L YF T L
b. Example 2 only YFT L YF T L
c. Example 3 only YFT L YF T L
d. Examples 1 and 2, but not YFT L YF TL Y FT L YFT L L
YFT
3 YFT L
e. Examples 1, 2, and 3 YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YF T
ANS: Y F T L D
Chapter 02: The Cell and Its Functions
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YFT L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
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YF
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T L L
YF
T L
YF
T L
YF
T YF
T L L
YF
T L
YF
T L
YF
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MULTIPLE CHOICE YFT L
1. The most abundant cell membrane lipids are
L
YFT YFT L YFT L YF T L YFT L YFT L
a. sphingolipids.
b. phospholipids.
c. cholesterol.
d. triglycerides.
e. sterols.
, ANS: Y F T L B
2. Organelles that neutralize drugs and toxins are YFTL L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YF T
a. nuclei.
b. mitochondria.
c. lysosomes.
d. peroxisomes.
e. endoplasmic reticulum. YFT L
ANS: Y F T L D
3. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
L
YFT L
YF T Y FT L Y FT L L
YF T L
YF T YF T L YF TL YFT L
—Initiation of translation‖ Y FT L Y FT L
a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
YFT
d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
YFT YFT L
e. Golgi apparatus L
YFT
f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Cytosol
ANS: Y F T L H
4. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
L
YFT L
YF T Y FT L Y FT L L
YF T L
YF T YF T L YF TL YFT L
—Protein sorting and packaging‖ Y FT L Y FT L Y FT L
a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
YFT
d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
YFT YFT L
e. Golgi apparatus L
YFT
f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Lysosomes
ANS: Y F T L E
5. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
L
YFT L
YF T Y FT L Y FT L L
YF T L
YF T YF T L YF TL YFT L
—Gene transcription‖
Y F T L Y F T L
a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
YFT
d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
YFT YFT L
e. Golgi apparatus L
YFT
f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Lysosomes
Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th
L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YF
T L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
Edition
YFT L
Chapter 01:Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the —Internal
L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y T
F
Y L L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y L
T
F
Y
Environment‖
YFT L
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YFTL L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L
MULTIPLE CHOICE YFT L
1. Which of the following statements about homeostasis is incorrect? L
YFT YFT L L
YF T L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YF T L YF T L
a. It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment for the body.
YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFTL L
YF T YFTL YFT L Y FT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
b. Homeostatic mechanisms do not operate in diseases. YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFTL YFT L Y FT L
c. Homeostasis requires integrated actions of the cells, tissues, organs, and multiple YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YFT L
nervous, hormonal, and local control systems. L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L
d. Homeostatic compensations that begin after a major environmental challenge YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT
may
YFT L
contribute to abnormalities of body function. L
YFT L
YFT L
YF T YFT L YFT L
ANS: Y F T L B
2. What is the most abundant type of cell in the human body?
YFT L YFT L L
YF T YFTL YFT L L
YFT Y FT L L
YF T YF T L L
YFT YF T L
a. Neuron
b. Epithelial cell YFT L
c. Red blood cell YFT L YFT L
d. White blood cell YFT L YFT L
e. Vascular smooth muscle cell YFT L YFT L YFT L
f. Skeletal muscle cell YFT L L
YFT
ANS: Y F T L C
3. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of
L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
YFT that substance in the body is which of the following?
L L
YFT Y FT L YF T L Y FT L YF T L YF TL YFT L YF T L Y FT L
a. Protein, 30% YFT L
b. Protein, 60% YFT L
c. Water, 30% L
YFT
d. Water, 60% L
YFT
e. Carbohydrate, 30% YFTL
f. Carbohydrate, 60% YFTL
ANS: Y F T L D
4. If the feedback gain of a control system is
Y FT L 2.0, this means that the system is
L
YF T YF TL YFT L YF T L Y FT L YFT L YF T L Y F T L YFT L YF T L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L
a. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance
YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L YFT L YF TL YFT L YFTL YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
to YFT L
the system. YFT L
b. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance
YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L YFT L YF TL YFT L YFTL YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
to Y FT L
the system. YFT L
c. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance
YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L YFT L YF TL YFT L YFTL YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
to YFT L
ANS: Y F T L B
, 5. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular
L
YFT L
YFT YFTL L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?
L
YFT Y FT L YF T L YFT L YFT L YFT L Y FT L
a. Sodium ions YFT L
b. Potassium ions YFT L
c. Carbon dioxide YFT L
d. Glucose
e. Protein
ANS: Y F T L A
6. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs
L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
YFT L mainly in which of the following? Y FT L L
YF T YFT L YF TL Y FT L
a. Arteries
b. Arterioles
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
e. Veins
ANS: Y F T L C
7. What is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body?
YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YF T L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF TL L
YFT YFT L
a. Less than 50 angstroms YFT L Y FT L L
YFT
b. Less than 50 microns YFT L Y FT L L
YFT
c. Less than 50 millimeters YFT L Y FT L L
YFT
d. Less than 100 angstroms YFT L Y FT L YFT L
e. Less than 100 microns YFT L Y FT L YFT L
f. Less than 100 millimeters YFT L Y FT L YFT L
ANS: Y F T L A
8. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation
YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFTL
to traverse the entire circulatory circuit?
YFT L L
YFT YFT L YF T L YFT L YFT L
a. 1 second YFT L
b. 1 minute YFT L
c. 3 minutes YFT L
d. 4 minutes YFT L
e. 5 minutes YFT L
ANS: Y F T L B
9. The type of control system that can sometimes cause instability and vicious cycles
L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YF
T L
YFT L
YFT
is called
L
YFT Y FT L
a. negative feedback. YFTL
b. feed-forward control. L
YFT
c. positive feedback. YFT L
d. adaptive feedback. YFTL
e. delayed negative feedback. YFT L L
YFT
ANS: Y F T L C
10. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YF TL Y FT L YFT L YFT L YF T L YFT L L
YF T YFT L
a. Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L
b. Generation of action potentials in nerves YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L YFT L
c. Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the YFT L YFT L YF T L YFT L L
YFT Y FT L YF TL L
YFT Y FT L L
YFT
YFT blood
L
, d. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YF T L
YF T
increased blood pressure YFT L YFTL
ANS: Y F T L B
11. Which of the following is an example of a —feed-forward‖ control system?
L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YF
T L
YFT L
YFT
a. The arterial baroreceptor system YFT L YFTL YFT L
b. The progressive nature of uterine contractions during YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L
childbirth L
YFT
c. Control of skeletal muscle movements by the brain YF T L YF T L Y FT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L
d. Generation of an action potential YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L
ANS: Y F T L C
12. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT
Example 1: Arterial baroreceptor control of blood
YFT L Y FT L YF T L L
YF T L
YFT YF T L YF T L
pressure
YFT L
Example 2: Excitation of the respiratory center by increased blood carbon dioxide
YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
concentration
YFT L
Example 3: Hemorrhagic shock caused by severe blood loss YFT L YFT L YF T L L
YFT YFT L L
YFT Y FT L YFTL
a. Example 1 only YFT L YF T L
b. Example 2 only YFT L YF T L
c. Example 3 only YFT L YF T L
d. Examples 1 and 2, but not YFT L YF TL Y FT L YFT L L
YFT
3 YFT L
e. Examples 1, 2, and 3 YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YF T
ANS: Y F T L D
Chapter 02: The Cell and Its Functions
L
YFT L
YFT YFT L YFT L L
YFT YFT L
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
L
YF
T YF
T L L
YF
T L
YF
T L
YF
T YF
T L L
YF
T L
YF
T L
YF
T
MULTIPLE CHOICE YFT L
1. The most abundant cell membrane lipids are
L
YFT YFT L YFT L YF T L YFT L YFT L
a. sphingolipids.
b. phospholipids.
c. cholesterol.
d. triglycerides.
e. sterols.
, ANS: Y F T L B
2. Organelles that neutralize drugs and toxins are YFTL L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YF T
a. nuclei.
b. mitochondria.
c. lysosomes.
d. peroxisomes.
e. endoplasmic reticulum. YFT L
ANS: Y F T L D
3. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
L
YFT L
YF T Y FT L Y FT L L
YF T L
YF T YF T L YF TL YFT L
—Initiation of translation‖ Y FT L Y FT L
a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
YFT
d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
YFT YFT L
e. Golgi apparatus L
YFT
f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Cytosol
ANS: Y F T L H
4. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
L
YFT L
YF T Y FT L Y FT L L
YF T L
YF T YF T L YF TL YFT L
—Protein sorting and packaging‖ Y FT L Y FT L Y FT L
a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
YFT
d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
YFT YFT L
e. Golgi apparatus L
YFT
f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Lysosomes
ANS: Y F T L E
5. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
L
YFT YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
YFT L
YFT YFT L L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT L
YFT
in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
L
YFT L
YF T Y FT L Y FT L L
YF T L
YF T YF T L YF TL YFT L
—Gene transcription‖
Y F T L Y F T L
a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
YFT
d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
YFT YFT L
e. Golgi apparatus L
YFT
f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Lysosomes
