PSYC 388- Final Exam 2026/2027 Updated
Verified Questions and Solutions A+ Pass
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Quiz List 5 factors that influenced the development of counseling in Canada since
the 1960s.
Ans> - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important
because it distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
Quiz E.G. Williamson
Ans> Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Quiz Clifford Beers
Ans> He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better treatment of
patients and for better mental health facilities.
Quiz Frank Parsons
Ans> Founder of vocational guidance
,Quiz Carl Rogers
Ans> Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Quiz Albert Ellis
Ans> Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that
focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Quiz Eric Berne
Ans> Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the
adult, and the parent.
Quiz Aaron Beck
Ans> Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify automatic
thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Quiz Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Ans> (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3)
Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Quiz Diff between Canada and US in counselling
Ans> Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew out
of educational psychology.
Quiz 1980s counselling also changed because of
,Ans> attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed
emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with different ethnic and
cultural groups.
Quiz Lawrence Kohlberg
Ans> moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their
responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous
moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication.
Should he steal the medication and why?
Quiz Wellness Mode --2000
Ans> Wellness Mode --2000
Quiz Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools, and later
in Canadian colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of the profession
of counselling in Canada.
Ans> Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in schools
in areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time
counsellors as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach.
Counselling became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own
profession.
Quiz An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental
health professionals is:
Ans> their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Quiz Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___
Ans> choice; change
, Quiz Good qualities for effective counsellor (12)
Ans> Curiosity,
ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
Quiz Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor (6)
Ans> 1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
Quiz identify the symptoms of burnout, describe its treatment, and identify ways
to prevent it.
Ans> state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the point that one
cannot perform functions meaningfully.
Counsellors develop a negative self-concept, negative job attitude, and even a
loss of concern, compassion, and feeling for others.
It's the most common personal consequence of being a counsellor.
Verified Questions and Solutions A+ Pass
Guaranteed
Quiz List 5 factors that influenced the development of counseling in Canada since
the 1960s.
Ans> - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important
because it distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
Quiz E.G. Williamson
Ans> Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Quiz Clifford Beers
Ans> He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better treatment of
patients and for better mental health facilities.
Quiz Frank Parsons
Ans> Founder of vocational guidance
,Quiz Carl Rogers
Ans> Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Quiz Albert Ellis
Ans> Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that
focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Quiz Eric Berne
Ans> Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the
adult, and the parent.
Quiz Aaron Beck
Ans> Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify automatic
thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial reactions.
Quiz Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Ans> (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3)
Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Quiz Diff between Canada and US in counselling
Ans> Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew out
of educational psychology.
Quiz 1980s counselling also changed because of
,Ans> attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory, renewed
emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with different ethnic and
cultural groups.
Quiz Lawrence Kohlberg
Ans> moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their
responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous
moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication.
Should he steal the medication and why?
Quiz Wellness Mode --2000
Ans> Wellness Mode --2000
Quiz Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools, and later
in Canadian colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of the profession
of counselling in Canada.
Ans> Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in schools
in areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-time
counsellors as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic approach.
Counselling became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and should be its own
profession.
Quiz An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied mental
health professionals is:
Ans> their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Quiz Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___
Ans> choice; change
, Quiz Good qualities for effective counsellor (12)
Ans> Curiosity,
ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
Quiz Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor (6)
Ans> 1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
Quiz identify the symptoms of burnout, describe its treatment, and identify ways
to prevent it.
Ans> state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the point that one
cannot perform functions meaningfully.
Counsellors develop a negative self-concept, negative job attitude, and even a
loss of concern, compassion, and feeling for others.
It's the most common personal consequence of being a counsellor.
