HTH 423- Exam 1 Questions And Answers
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What is health ethics? - ANSWER Interdisciplinary field of study and practice
seeking to understand the values on decisions & actions in health care, health
research, and health policy, and to provide guidance for action when these
values conflict.
Varies from narrower field of medical ethics which is concerned with ethical
issues that arise in the clinical context related to the care of specific patients as
well as the broader field of bioethics, which refers to ethical issues arising from
the creation maintenance of the health of all living things - ANSWER Health
Ethics
1) Behavior or questions about right versus wrong conduct and what constitutes
good or bad life
2) Interdisciplinary field of study and practice that seeks to understand values
with decisions and actions in health care
3) Built on sound appreciation of empirical realities of particular health issues
4) Involves a range of contexts related to health, including clinical care, health
services and systems, public health, epidemiology, information technology -
ANSWER Health Ethics
What is the difference between ethical, social, and personal values? - ANSWER
1) Different societies have differing values and practices
2) Different societies may have different values and practices
3) Most people agree that tolerance of such differences is important and we
must generally respect values that differ from our own
... - ANSWER Ethical Values
... - ANSWER Social Values
What is important to an individual, group, or society
1) Autonomy, fairness, equity, compassion, honesty, freedom, solidarity, trust,
and respect - ANSWER Personal Values
What is the relationship between ethics and law? - ANSWER 1) Law means its
legal
,2) Ethics and law are Normative frameworks
3) Ethics and law are oftentimes complementary
4) Something can be legal and yet conflict with ethical standards
5) Ethics concerned with a broader set of relationships and behaviors than most
forms of legal regulation.
6) Laws sometimes provide general standards interpretation of which requires
further ethical analysis
7) Violation of an ethical norm entails different sanctions than the breaking of a
legal code
What are normative frameworks? - ANSWER How people ought to act
What does complementary mean? - ANSWER Law states that we should refrain
from harming others
What are the relationship health ethics and human rights? - ANSWER 1) Human
rights are those rights which are inherent to the human being
2) Encompass what are known as civil, cultural, economic, political, and social
rights
3) Governments have affirmative obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill human
rights
a) Fulfill human rights requires government to adopt appropriate legal,
budgetary, and other measures to ensure individuals human rights are fully
realized
b) Inherent to human beings
c) government's duty to protect & prioritize needs- liberty and equality
Rights which are known as civil, cultural, economic, political, and social rights -
ANSWER Human Rights
1) Have a right to privacy and freedom of movement
2) Because infectious disease threatens the health and welfare of others, it may
be legitimate to restrict people's privacy and liberty in order to protect others in
community
3) Outcomes are uncertain and potentially catastrophic, liberty restricting
actions will be justified by values like solidarity and reciprocity provided that
restrictions are informed by evidence, proportionate to threat, carried out
humanely, and limited to immediate crisis at hand
4) Individuals have right to privacy and freedom of movement - ANSWER Harm
prevention, public good, and individual liberty
What is public health? - ANSWER 1) Harm prevention, public good, and
individual liberty
2) Treatment & prevention (distributive justice)
3) Health promotion and equity
4) Public health surveillance
, 1) Distributive Justice
2) Prevention is better than waiting for harm to develop and focusing on
treatment
a) Financial (cheaper)
b) Practical (prevention is possible, why wait to intervene until disease actually
develops)
c) Moral (focus on prevention may reduce overall suffering)
d) Determining how to allocate scarce resources between prevention and
treatment - ANSWER Treatment & prevention
Full time and part time faculty used to pay same price or parking, realized that
was not fair and now you pay based on salary - ANSWER Distributive Justice
1) Lifestyle choices
2)Ethical obligations governments have to try to change behavior
3) Robust data on level of disease and threats to health within a population
4) Assessed priorities, set, and resources allocated on basis of risk - ANSWER
Health Promotion & Equity
Smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, overeating, not exercising enough -
ANSWER Lifestyle choices
1) How many people in Community A have measles vs Community B. Why is it
like this and what can we do?
2) Liberty of individual and broader societal concerns
3) Important Issues: Equity, solidarity, social justice, reciprocity, and trust
4) Underlying all approaches to public health ethics is a strong commitment to
collective action as a means of protecting individuals and the public from harm
and promoting the highest attainable standard of health
5) Harm prevention, public good, and individual liberty
6) Requires robust data on level of disease and threats to health within a
population
7) Data allow threats to individual & population health to be assessed, and
priorities set and resources allocated on basis of risk
8) How should need for accurate disease surveillance data be balanced against
the principle of individual autonomy?
9) Anonymous testing of blood samples for HIV would probably not be approved
by an et - ANSWER Public Health Surveillance
If you are conducting research in different cultural backgrounds, it may be hard
to find ethical stuff - ANSWER Groups & Individuals
1) Social & economic disparities at a national, regional, and global levels
magnify concerns that efforts to improve may be worse for others
Verified By Experts
What is health ethics? - ANSWER Interdisciplinary field of study and practice
seeking to understand the values on decisions & actions in health care, health
research, and health policy, and to provide guidance for action when these
values conflict.
Varies from narrower field of medical ethics which is concerned with ethical
issues that arise in the clinical context related to the care of specific patients as
well as the broader field of bioethics, which refers to ethical issues arising from
the creation maintenance of the health of all living things - ANSWER Health
Ethics
1) Behavior or questions about right versus wrong conduct and what constitutes
good or bad life
2) Interdisciplinary field of study and practice that seeks to understand values
with decisions and actions in health care
3) Built on sound appreciation of empirical realities of particular health issues
4) Involves a range of contexts related to health, including clinical care, health
services and systems, public health, epidemiology, information technology -
ANSWER Health Ethics
What is the difference between ethical, social, and personal values? - ANSWER
1) Different societies have differing values and practices
2) Different societies may have different values and practices
3) Most people agree that tolerance of such differences is important and we
must generally respect values that differ from our own
... - ANSWER Ethical Values
... - ANSWER Social Values
What is important to an individual, group, or society
1) Autonomy, fairness, equity, compassion, honesty, freedom, solidarity, trust,
and respect - ANSWER Personal Values
What is the relationship between ethics and law? - ANSWER 1) Law means its
legal
,2) Ethics and law are Normative frameworks
3) Ethics and law are oftentimes complementary
4) Something can be legal and yet conflict with ethical standards
5) Ethics concerned with a broader set of relationships and behaviors than most
forms of legal regulation.
6) Laws sometimes provide general standards interpretation of which requires
further ethical analysis
7) Violation of an ethical norm entails different sanctions than the breaking of a
legal code
What are normative frameworks? - ANSWER How people ought to act
What does complementary mean? - ANSWER Law states that we should refrain
from harming others
What are the relationship health ethics and human rights? - ANSWER 1) Human
rights are those rights which are inherent to the human being
2) Encompass what are known as civil, cultural, economic, political, and social
rights
3) Governments have affirmative obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill human
rights
a) Fulfill human rights requires government to adopt appropriate legal,
budgetary, and other measures to ensure individuals human rights are fully
realized
b) Inherent to human beings
c) government's duty to protect & prioritize needs- liberty and equality
Rights which are known as civil, cultural, economic, political, and social rights -
ANSWER Human Rights
1) Have a right to privacy and freedom of movement
2) Because infectious disease threatens the health and welfare of others, it may
be legitimate to restrict people's privacy and liberty in order to protect others in
community
3) Outcomes are uncertain and potentially catastrophic, liberty restricting
actions will be justified by values like solidarity and reciprocity provided that
restrictions are informed by evidence, proportionate to threat, carried out
humanely, and limited to immediate crisis at hand
4) Individuals have right to privacy and freedom of movement - ANSWER Harm
prevention, public good, and individual liberty
What is public health? - ANSWER 1) Harm prevention, public good, and
individual liberty
2) Treatment & prevention (distributive justice)
3) Health promotion and equity
4) Public health surveillance
, 1) Distributive Justice
2) Prevention is better than waiting for harm to develop and focusing on
treatment
a) Financial (cheaper)
b) Practical (prevention is possible, why wait to intervene until disease actually
develops)
c) Moral (focus on prevention may reduce overall suffering)
d) Determining how to allocate scarce resources between prevention and
treatment - ANSWER Treatment & prevention
Full time and part time faculty used to pay same price or parking, realized that
was not fair and now you pay based on salary - ANSWER Distributive Justice
1) Lifestyle choices
2)Ethical obligations governments have to try to change behavior
3) Robust data on level of disease and threats to health within a population
4) Assessed priorities, set, and resources allocated on basis of risk - ANSWER
Health Promotion & Equity
Smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, overeating, not exercising enough -
ANSWER Lifestyle choices
1) How many people in Community A have measles vs Community B. Why is it
like this and what can we do?
2) Liberty of individual and broader societal concerns
3) Important Issues: Equity, solidarity, social justice, reciprocity, and trust
4) Underlying all approaches to public health ethics is a strong commitment to
collective action as a means of protecting individuals and the public from harm
and promoting the highest attainable standard of health
5) Harm prevention, public good, and individual liberty
6) Requires robust data on level of disease and threats to health within a
population
7) Data allow threats to individual & population health to be assessed, and
priorities set and resources allocated on basis of risk
8) How should need for accurate disease surveillance data be balanced against
the principle of individual autonomy?
9) Anonymous testing of blood samples for HIV would probably not be approved
by an et - ANSWER Public Health Surveillance
If you are conducting research in different cultural backgrounds, it may be hard
to find ethical stuff - ANSWER Groups & Individuals
1) Social & economic disparities at a national, regional, and global levels
magnify concerns that efforts to improve may be worse for others
