POB (Principles of Biology) Assessment 3
UARK Shadwick Solved 100% Correct
Biological Evolution - ANSWER-organisms change over time
Darwin - ANSWER-Theory of Natural Selection (short necked giraffes die and
therefore, don't reproduce)
Lamarck - ANSWER-Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics (giraffes stretch their
necks to reach food and then their offspring are born with the longer neck)
Evidence of Evolution - ANSWER-Fossils, Transitional Forms, Analogous Structures,
Homologous Structures, Vestigial Structures
Fossils - ANSWER-hard body parts, embedded in sedimentary rock, deposited in
Strata
Mold - ANSWER-air space remains
Cast - ANSWER-Silica fills space
Transitional Form - ANSWER-Whale: reduced hind limbs and pelvic bones
Analogous Structure - ANSWER-evolved separately but have similar functions ex.
human and octopi eyes
Homologous Structure - ANSWER-similar structure but have different functions ex.
arm, cat, whale, bat
biochemical evidence of evolution - ANSWER-DNA, ATP, enzymes are universal
Genetic Code evidence of evolution - ANSWER-RNA to amino acid triplets are
universal, many genes are shared by all organisms
Microevolution - ANSWER-change in allele frequency in a population over time
who evolves - ANSWER-populations
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - ANSWER-No mutations, No genetic drift, No gene
flow, No natural selection, Random Mating
Mutation - ANSWER-cause allele frequency in a populations, only source of
variation, random events
Genetic Drift - ANSWER-causes allele frequency to fluctuate; greater in smaller
populations
, Bottleneck Effect - ANSWER-catastrophe kills large amount of people, loss of
genetic diversity; recessive alleles become more present
Gene Flow - ANSWER-movement of alleles between populations; mixes genetic
diversity in a populations; makes two pools or more similar populations similar
Random Mating - ANSWER-individuals do not choose mates, never observed in
natural population
Natural Selection - ANSWER-heritable variation, over-reproduction causes
competition and differ in reproductive success and fitness, Adaptation
Natural Selection: Stabilizing Selection - ANSWER-select against extremes
Natural Selection: Directional selection - ANSWER-one extreme is favored
Natural Selection: Disruptive Selection - ANSWER-both extremes favored
Macroevolution - ANSWER-speciation and divergence of life
Speciation - ANSWER-group of organisms capable of interbreeding
Habitat Isolation - ANSWER-Pre zygotic; Same environment, different niche
Temporal Isolation - ANSWER-Pre zygotic; mate at different seasons ex. skunks
Behavioral Isolation - ANSWER-Pre Zygotic; courtship; blue footed booby, masked
booby
Mechanical Isolation - ANSWER-mating; genetals do not match
Gamete Isolation - ANSWER-mating; sperm and egg do not match ex. sea urchins
zygote mortality isolation - ANSWER-fertilization; zygote dies after it is fertilized
Hybrid Sterility Isolation - ANSWER-fertilization; mules, cannot reproduce
F2 Fitness Isolation - ANSWER-F2 generation has reduced fitness ex. inbred
Allopatric Speciation - ANSWER-in the same geographical area, new barrier
Sympatric Speciation - ANSWER-same region; one allele takes over and a randomly
changes; reproductive not geographical
Taxonomy - ANSWER-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species
phylogeny - ANSWER-grouped shared homologous characteristics
UARK Shadwick Solved 100% Correct
Biological Evolution - ANSWER-organisms change over time
Darwin - ANSWER-Theory of Natural Selection (short necked giraffes die and
therefore, don't reproduce)
Lamarck - ANSWER-Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics (giraffes stretch their
necks to reach food and then their offspring are born with the longer neck)
Evidence of Evolution - ANSWER-Fossils, Transitional Forms, Analogous Structures,
Homologous Structures, Vestigial Structures
Fossils - ANSWER-hard body parts, embedded in sedimentary rock, deposited in
Strata
Mold - ANSWER-air space remains
Cast - ANSWER-Silica fills space
Transitional Form - ANSWER-Whale: reduced hind limbs and pelvic bones
Analogous Structure - ANSWER-evolved separately but have similar functions ex.
human and octopi eyes
Homologous Structure - ANSWER-similar structure but have different functions ex.
arm, cat, whale, bat
biochemical evidence of evolution - ANSWER-DNA, ATP, enzymes are universal
Genetic Code evidence of evolution - ANSWER-RNA to amino acid triplets are
universal, many genes are shared by all organisms
Microevolution - ANSWER-change in allele frequency in a population over time
who evolves - ANSWER-populations
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - ANSWER-No mutations, No genetic drift, No gene
flow, No natural selection, Random Mating
Mutation - ANSWER-cause allele frequency in a populations, only source of
variation, random events
Genetic Drift - ANSWER-causes allele frequency to fluctuate; greater in smaller
populations
, Bottleneck Effect - ANSWER-catastrophe kills large amount of people, loss of
genetic diversity; recessive alleles become more present
Gene Flow - ANSWER-movement of alleles between populations; mixes genetic
diversity in a populations; makes two pools or more similar populations similar
Random Mating - ANSWER-individuals do not choose mates, never observed in
natural population
Natural Selection - ANSWER-heritable variation, over-reproduction causes
competition and differ in reproductive success and fitness, Adaptation
Natural Selection: Stabilizing Selection - ANSWER-select against extremes
Natural Selection: Directional selection - ANSWER-one extreme is favored
Natural Selection: Disruptive Selection - ANSWER-both extremes favored
Macroevolution - ANSWER-speciation and divergence of life
Speciation - ANSWER-group of organisms capable of interbreeding
Habitat Isolation - ANSWER-Pre zygotic; Same environment, different niche
Temporal Isolation - ANSWER-Pre zygotic; mate at different seasons ex. skunks
Behavioral Isolation - ANSWER-Pre Zygotic; courtship; blue footed booby, masked
booby
Mechanical Isolation - ANSWER-mating; genetals do not match
Gamete Isolation - ANSWER-mating; sperm and egg do not match ex. sea urchins
zygote mortality isolation - ANSWER-fertilization; zygote dies after it is fertilized
Hybrid Sterility Isolation - ANSWER-fertilization; mules, cannot reproduce
F2 Fitness Isolation - ANSWER-F2 generation has reduced fitness ex. inbred
Allopatric Speciation - ANSWER-in the same geographical area, new barrier
Sympatric Speciation - ANSWER-same region; one allele takes over and a randomly
changes; reproductive not geographical
Taxonomy - ANSWER-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species
phylogeny - ANSWER-grouped shared homologous characteristics
