Institute of Health
Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
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(2025-2026)
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, NIH Stroke Scale 11 item neurological exam used to quantify the effects of acute cerebral ischemia on
levels of
-consciousness
-vision
-motor function (facial and extremities)
-cerebellar function
-sensation
-language
-extinction or inattention
NIHSS exam rules -administer scale items in their exact order
-avoid coaching the patient
-accept patient's first effort
-score only what the patient does
-be consistent
-include all deficits in scoring, including what might have been from previous stroke
itme 1a level of consciousness
0 - alert
1 - not alert; aroused with minor verbal stimulation
2 - not alert; requires strong or painful stimulation
3 - reflex movements only or totally unresponsive
(pt scoring a 3 is generally considered to be in a coma)
how to score 1a -ask the patient 2 or 3 questions about the circumstances of the admission
-stimulate the patient by padding or tapping on patient
-or a more noxious stimuli such as pinching
scoring a 3 on item 1a -pr soaring a 3 is generally considered to be in a coma
-a 3 is scored only if the patient makes no movement other than reflexive posturing
in response to noxious stimulation
-score of 3 has an impact on scoring other items
item 1b level of consciousness: questions
-based on patient's answers on 2 specific questions:
-the month of the year
-pt's age
-by definition, pt unable to communicate bc of endotracheal intubation, oral tracheal
trauma, severe dysarthria from any cause, a language barrier, or any other problem
not secondary to aphasia are scored a 1
-pt who scores a 3 on item 1a must be scored a 2
-aphasic and stuporous pt who do not comprehend the questions will score a 2
-comatous pt will score a 2
scoring item 1b 0 - answers both questions correctly
1 - answers 1 question correctly
2 - answers neither question correctly
tips on item 1b -a pt who can not speak may be able to write the answer
-pt who gives an incorrect answer and corrects himself is an incorrect answer
-giving date of birth when asked for age is a wrong answer
item 1c level of consciousness: commands
-be sure to position eyes and hands in testable position before asking 2 questions
-"close your eyes for me, now open them"
-"now make a fist with your hand, now open them"
-may repeat the command once, but do not coach or encourage
-may use visual cues
scoring item 1c 0 - performs both tasks correctly
1 - performs 1 task correctly
2 - performs neither task correctly