DANTE LEVEL 2 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔How does Link Local work? - ✔✔Assigns each device a random address in 169 .
254 . ___ . ___
Sends an ARP request to ensure that an address is available
Once Link Local address is set, we continue looking for DHCP Service
✔✔VLAN - ✔✔Strategically isolates LANs on the same switch
✔✔Non-Blocking Architecture - ✔✔The switch is not the bandwidth bottleneck in the
network
Your only restriction is your individual port speed
✔✔Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) - ✔✔A protocol that disables a second trunk line
between the same two switches to prevent a Broadcast Storm
✔✔Broadcast Storm - ✔✔An endless loop of broadcast information. Like microphone
feedback but for broadcast
✔✔Link Aggregation Group (LAG) - ✔✔Allows trunk lines to be combined for more
bandwidth
✔✔How can trunk lines contact multiple VLANs? - ✔✔By "tagging" packets
It its best practice to have one untagged VLAN, the rest being tagged
✔✔TCP - ✔✔Like "signature required" mail, the sender gets a notification that the
message was received
,Appropriate when communications are likely to be interrupted, when missing a packet
would invalidate the date, or when timely delivery is a convenience rather than a
necessity
✔✔UDP - ✔✔Like "first class" mail, a message is put on the network and assumed to
be delivered successfully - no notification
Appropriate when communications are not likely to be interrupted (LAN), when a
missing packet in sequences can be overcome (error correction), or when timely
delivery and/or low overhead is a priority
UDP is ideal for real-time networks
✔✔Potential problems with TCP - ✔✔Creates additional overhead from confirmation
messages, increasing the likelihood of problems (not ideal for live Dante systems)
✔✔When Dante sends media across a network, which can be used? (select two)
- Unicast
- Multicast
- Broadcast - ✔✔Unicast or Multicast
✔✔IGMP Snooping - ✔✔A tool for managing multicast traffic
Without IGMP Snooping, Multicast behaves like Broadcast
✔✔Unicast - ✔✔One-to-one transmission that can cross a router for transmission
Signal must be duplicated to send to multiple destinations, which can cause strain on
transmitters and switches
Best latency performance
✔✔Broadcast - ✔✔One-to-all transmission that does not cross the router (contained to
LAN)
Generally used for locating devices (DHCP) rather than a means for communication
✔✔Multicast - ✔✔One-to-many transmission that does not cross the router (contained
to LAN)
Transmissions will only go to destinations that need the communications
, Better bandwidth management as channel count rises
✔✔IGMP Querier - ✔✔Keeps the master list of where all the Multicast subscriptions go
Only one switch should be assigned as the IGMP Querier
✔✔Which versions of IGMP Snooping are supported by Dante? - ✔✔IGMP Snooping v2
or v3
✔✔Latency for Unicast - ✔✔Greater than or equal to 0.25 msec
✔✔Latency for Multicast - ✔✔Greater than or equal to 1.00 msec
✔✔How many audio channels are sent in a Unicast package? - ✔✔4 channels (24-bit,
48kHz, 1msec latency)
✔✔How many audio channels are sent in a Multicast package? - ✔✔8 channels
✔✔How much bandwidth does a Unicast flow take up? - ✔✔5-6 Mbps
✔✔Dante Flows - ✔✔How Dante interfaces manage resources for subscriptions
✔✔Quality of Service (QoS) - ✔✔Establishes queues to prioritize some traffic over
others
The switch evaluates a "DSCP" tag
✔✔Which type of data is assigned the highest priority? - ✔✔Clocking
✔✔Which type of data is assigned medium priority? - ✔✔Audio / Video Data
✔✔Which type of data is assigned low priority? - ✔✔Control Data
✔✔Which type of data is assigned "best effort" priority? - ✔✔All data outside of
Clocking, Audio / Video, and Control Data (eg. Emails)
✔✔DSCP Tag - ✔✔Values assigned to incoming packages to describe priority level
Different tag values can be associated with priority levels 1-4, with 4 being highest
priority and 1 being lowest priority
✔✔When should QoS be considered? - ✔✔When using a converged network with non-
Dante traffic so that the Dante traffic can be prioritized
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔How does Link Local work? - ✔✔Assigns each device a random address in 169 .
254 . ___ . ___
Sends an ARP request to ensure that an address is available
Once Link Local address is set, we continue looking for DHCP Service
✔✔VLAN - ✔✔Strategically isolates LANs on the same switch
✔✔Non-Blocking Architecture - ✔✔The switch is not the bandwidth bottleneck in the
network
Your only restriction is your individual port speed
✔✔Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) - ✔✔A protocol that disables a second trunk line
between the same two switches to prevent a Broadcast Storm
✔✔Broadcast Storm - ✔✔An endless loop of broadcast information. Like microphone
feedback but for broadcast
✔✔Link Aggregation Group (LAG) - ✔✔Allows trunk lines to be combined for more
bandwidth
✔✔How can trunk lines contact multiple VLANs? - ✔✔By "tagging" packets
It its best practice to have one untagged VLAN, the rest being tagged
✔✔TCP - ✔✔Like "signature required" mail, the sender gets a notification that the
message was received
,Appropriate when communications are likely to be interrupted, when missing a packet
would invalidate the date, or when timely delivery is a convenience rather than a
necessity
✔✔UDP - ✔✔Like "first class" mail, a message is put on the network and assumed to
be delivered successfully - no notification
Appropriate when communications are not likely to be interrupted (LAN), when a
missing packet in sequences can be overcome (error correction), or when timely
delivery and/or low overhead is a priority
UDP is ideal for real-time networks
✔✔Potential problems with TCP - ✔✔Creates additional overhead from confirmation
messages, increasing the likelihood of problems (not ideal for live Dante systems)
✔✔When Dante sends media across a network, which can be used? (select two)
- Unicast
- Multicast
- Broadcast - ✔✔Unicast or Multicast
✔✔IGMP Snooping - ✔✔A tool for managing multicast traffic
Without IGMP Snooping, Multicast behaves like Broadcast
✔✔Unicast - ✔✔One-to-one transmission that can cross a router for transmission
Signal must be duplicated to send to multiple destinations, which can cause strain on
transmitters and switches
Best latency performance
✔✔Broadcast - ✔✔One-to-all transmission that does not cross the router (contained to
LAN)
Generally used for locating devices (DHCP) rather than a means for communication
✔✔Multicast - ✔✔One-to-many transmission that does not cross the router (contained
to LAN)
Transmissions will only go to destinations that need the communications
, Better bandwidth management as channel count rises
✔✔IGMP Querier - ✔✔Keeps the master list of where all the Multicast subscriptions go
Only one switch should be assigned as the IGMP Querier
✔✔Which versions of IGMP Snooping are supported by Dante? - ✔✔IGMP Snooping v2
or v3
✔✔Latency for Unicast - ✔✔Greater than or equal to 0.25 msec
✔✔Latency for Multicast - ✔✔Greater than or equal to 1.00 msec
✔✔How many audio channels are sent in a Unicast package? - ✔✔4 channels (24-bit,
48kHz, 1msec latency)
✔✔How many audio channels are sent in a Multicast package? - ✔✔8 channels
✔✔How much bandwidth does a Unicast flow take up? - ✔✔5-6 Mbps
✔✔Dante Flows - ✔✔How Dante interfaces manage resources for subscriptions
✔✔Quality of Service (QoS) - ✔✔Establishes queues to prioritize some traffic over
others
The switch evaluates a "DSCP" tag
✔✔Which type of data is assigned the highest priority? - ✔✔Clocking
✔✔Which type of data is assigned medium priority? - ✔✔Audio / Video Data
✔✔Which type of data is assigned low priority? - ✔✔Control Data
✔✔Which type of data is assigned "best effort" priority? - ✔✔All data outside of
Clocking, Audio / Video, and Control Data (eg. Emails)
✔✔DSCP Tag - ✔✔Values assigned to incoming packages to describe priority level
Different tag values can be associated with priority levels 1-4, with 4 being highest
priority and 1 being lowest priority
✔✔When should QoS be considered? - ✔✔When using a converged network with non-
Dante traffic so that the Dante traffic can be prioritized
