WGU D313 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY II — 320 EXAM
QUESTIONS
Comprehensive Overview of WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology II
Anatomy and Physiology II focuses on the structure and function of major body
systems and their role in maintaining homeostasis. The cardiovascular system
transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes through the heart, blood vessels, and blood
components. The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange through ventilation,
diffusion, and transport mechanisms. The digestive system processes food, absorbs
nutrients, and eliminates waste through the alimentary canal and accessory organs.
The urinary system filters blood, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance, and
maintains acid-base equilibrium through nephron function. The reproductive system
ensures species continuation through gamete production and hormonal regulation.
The lymphatic and immune systems defend against pathogens while maintaining
fluid balance. The endocrine system coordinates body functions through hormone
signaling. Together, these interconnected systems maintain the body's internal
environment, and understanding their normal physiology is essential for recognizing
pathophysiology and disease processes.
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Questions 1–60)
,1. Which structure contains lubricating fluid that helps the heart to expand and
contract?
A) Pericardium
B) Pericardial cavity
C) Myocardium
D) Endocardium
Correct Answer: B) The pericardial cavity contains serous fluid that reduces friction
between the layers of the pericardium as the heart beats, allowing smooth
expansion and contraction.
2. Which structure protects the heart?
A) Myocardium
B) Endocardium
C) Pericardium
D) Epicardium
Correct Answer: C) The pericardium is a fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the
heart, anchoring it in place while preventing overfilling.
3. Which artery gives rise to the right ulnar artery?
A) Right subclavian artery
B) Right brachial artery
,C) Right radial artery
D) Right axillary artery
Correct Answer: B) The right brachial artery bifurcates into the radial and ulnar
arteries in the forearm.
4. Which artery becomes the femoral artery once it leaves the body cavity?
A) External iliac artery
B) Internal iliac artery
C) Common iliac artery
D) Popliteal artery
Correct Answer: A) The external iliac artery continues past the inguinal ligament
and becomes the femoral artery as it enters the thigh.
5. Which heart sound does the closing of the bicuspid valve correspond to?
A) S2 (Dub)
B) S1 (Lub)
C) S3
D) S4
Correct Answer: B) The first heart sound (S1, "Lub") is produced by the closure of the
atrioventricular valves—the bicuspid (mitral) and tricuspid valves—at the beginning
of ventricular systole.
, 6. Which part of the cardiac cycle is represented by the QRS complex?
A) Atrial systole
B) Ventricular systole
C) Ventricular diastole
D) Atrial diastole
Correct Answer: B) The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, which
triggers ventricular contraction (systole).
7. What is the difference between the maximum and resting cardiac output (CO)
called?
A) Stroke volume
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Ejection fraction
D) Heart rate reserve
Correct Answer: B) Cardiac reserve is the difference between a person's maximum
cardiac output and resting cardiac output, indicating the heart's ability to respond
to increased demand.
8. What is the normal resting heart rate of an adult?
PHYSIOLOGY II — 320 EXAM
QUESTIONS
Comprehensive Overview of WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology II
Anatomy and Physiology II focuses on the structure and function of major body
systems and their role in maintaining homeostasis. The cardiovascular system
transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes through the heart, blood vessels, and blood
components. The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange through ventilation,
diffusion, and transport mechanisms. The digestive system processes food, absorbs
nutrients, and eliminates waste through the alimentary canal and accessory organs.
The urinary system filters blood, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance, and
maintains acid-base equilibrium through nephron function. The reproductive system
ensures species continuation through gamete production and hormonal regulation.
The lymphatic and immune systems defend against pathogens while maintaining
fluid balance. The endocrine system coordinates body functions through hormone
signaling. Together, these interconnected systems maintain the body's internal
environment, and understanding their normal physiology is essential for recognizing
pathophysiology and disease processes.
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Questions 1–60)
,1. Which structure contains lubricating fluid that helps the heart to expand and
contract?
A) Pericardium
B) Pericardial cavity
C) Myocardium
D) Endocardium
Correct Answer: B) The pericardial cavity contains serous fluid that reduces friction
between the layers of the pericardium as the heart beats, allowing smooth
expansion and contraction.
2. Which structure protects the heart?
A) Myocardium
B) Endocardium
C) Pericardium
D) Epicardium
Correct Answer: C) The pericardium is a fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the
heart, anchoring it in place while preventing overfilling.
3. Which artery gives rise to the right ulnar artery?
A) Right subclavian artery
B) Right brachial artery
,C) Right radial artery
D) Right axillary artery
Correct Answer: B) The right brachial artery bifurcates into the radial and ulnar
arteries in the forearm.
4. Which artery becomes the femoral artery once it leaves the body cavity?
A) External iliac artery
B) Internal iliac artery
C) Common iliac artery
D) Popliteal artery
Correct Answer: A) The external iliac artery continues past the inguinal ligament
and becomes the femoral artery as it enters the thigh.
5. Which heart sound does the closing of the bicuspid valve correspond to?
A) S2 (Dub)
B) S1 (Lub)
C) S3
D) S4
Correct Answer: B) The first heart sound (S1, "Lub") is produced by the closure of the
atrioventricular valves—the bicuspid (mitral) and tricuspid valves—at the beginning
of ventricular systole.
, 6. Which part of the cardiac cycle is represented by the QRS complex?
A) Atrial systole
B) Ventricular systole
C) Ventricular diastole
D) Atrial diastole
Correct Answer: B) The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, which
triggers ventricular contraction (systole).
7. What is the difference between the maximum and resting cardiac output (CO)
called?
A) Stroke volume
B) Cardiac reserve
C) Ejection fraction
D) Heart rate reserve
Correct Answer: B) Cardiac reserve is the difference between a person's maximum
cardiac output and resting cardiac output, indicating the heart's ability to respond
to increased demand.
8. What is the normal resting heart rate of an adult?
