WGU D115 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OA EXAM QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

WGU D115 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OA EXAM QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 1. What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle? A) Progesterone surge B) Sudden increase of LH C) FSH stimulation D) Estrogen peak Correct Answer: B) Sudden increase of LH Rationale: Ovulation generally occurs 1-2 hours before the final progesterone surge, or about 12-36 hours after the onset of the FSH and LH surge. The LH surge triggers the release of the mature oocyte from the ovarian follicle. ________________________________________ 2. Which is a symptom of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? A) Hypernatremia B) Hyponatremia C) Hyperkalemia D) Hypocalcemia Correct Answer: B) Hyponatremia Rationale: A low sodium level or hyponatremia is a major complication of SIADH and is responsible for many of the symptoms of SIADH. SIADH causes water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. ________________________________________ 3. What type of ovarian cyst develops when an ovarian follicle is stimulated but no dominant follicle develops and completes the maturity process? A) Dermoid cyst B) Endometrioma C) Cystadenoma D) Benign ovarian cyst Correct Answer: D) Benign ovarian cyst Rationale: Benign ovarian, or functional cysts, are variations of normal physiologic events. Benign cysts of the ovary are produced when a follicle is stimulated but does not complete the maturity process. ________________________________________ 4. An APRN is caring for a patient who experienced a 20% TBSA burn injury with massive evaporative water losses, fluid and electrolyte flux in tissues, generalized edema, and circulatory hypovolemia. Which priority action should be taken? A) Administer 10 L of normal saline over 12 hours B) Administer 5 L of dextrose solution over 8 hours C) Administer 15 L of lactated Ringer solution over 48 hours D) Administer up to 30 L of lactated Ringer solution over 24 hours Correct Answer: D) Administer up to 30 L of lactated Ringer solution over 24 hours Rationale: Major burn injuries require massive fluid resuscitation. Lactated Ringer's solution is the preferred fluid, and patients with extensive burns may require up to 30 L over 24 hours to prevent irreversible hypovolemic shock and death. ________________________________________ 5. A potential complication of tonsillar infections characterized by severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, odynophagia, trismus, and a "hot potato" voice accompanied by fever, chills, and malaise is indicative of: A) Tonsillitis B) Pharyngitis C) Laryngitis D) Peritonsillar abscess Correct Answer: D) Peritonsillar abscess Rationale: Peritonsillar abscess is characterized by severe sore throat, pain or difficulty swallowing, jaw muscle spasms (trismus), and a hot potato voice. It represents a complication of tonsillar infections. ________________________________________ 6. What is the most common indication for genetic counseling? A) Maternal age B) Family history of genetic disorders C) Previous child with birth defects D) Consanguinity Correct Answer: A) Maternal age Rationale: The largest group of women who benefit from genetic counseling are those over the age of 35, as advanced maternal age is associated with increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities. ________________________________________ 7. In the most commonly seen form of Turner Syndrome, how is the X chromosome affected? A) Each cell has only one X chromosome B) Each cell has three X chromosomes C) Each cell has two X chromosomes but one is deleted D) Each cell has one X and one Y chromosome Correct Answer: A) Each cell has only one X chromosome Rationale: 45% of persons with Turner Syndrome have monosomy X meaning there is only one copy of the X chromosome in each cell (45,X karyotype). ________________________________________ 8. A newborn demonstrating a high-pitched cry, microcephaly, hypertelorism, hypotonia, and low birth weight would suggest which genetic condition? A) Down syndrome B) Cri du chat C) Edwards syndrome D) Patau syndrome Correct Answer: B) Cri du chat Rationale: The clinical symptoms of cri du chat syndrome include a high-pitched cat-like cry, mental retardation, delayed development, distinctive facial features, small head size (microcephaly), widely-spaced eyes (hypertelorism), low birth weight, and weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy. ________________________________________