2026 VTNE COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔As a complication of celiotomy, your patient experiences ____, a temporary loss of
intestinal motility.
a) evisceration
b)megaesophagus
c)ileus
d) diarrhea - ✔✔c) ileus
Intestinal ileus is a (usually temporary) loss of intestinal motility.
✔✔_____ refers to an increased response to a stimulus that is normally painful so that
less and less stimulation is required to produce pain, whereas _____ refers to the
production of pain in response to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.
a) Allodynia; hyperalgesia
b)Nociception; analgesia
c)Analgesia; hyperalgesia
d)Hyperalgesia; allodynia - ✔✔d)Hyperalgesia; allodynia
Hyperalgesia is a state in which less and less stimulation is required to initiate pain.
Allodynia results in normally harmless sensations being interpreted as pain
✔✔In situations in which the veterinary staff is having difficulty stimulating a calf to
breathe, _____ can be injected under the animal's _____.
a) doxapram hydrochloride; upper eyelid
b) epinephrine; tongue
c) doxapram hydrochloride; tongue
e) epinephrine; upper eyelid - ✔✔c) doxapram hydrochloride; tongue
,For difficult cases, doxapram hydrochloride, a respiratory stimulant, may be injected
under the tongue to induce respiration.
✔✔Syncope is:
a) breathing deeply.
b) a sympathomimetic agent.
c) tranquilizer commonly used in show horses to help them cope with the stress in the
judging arena.
d) fainting. - ✔✔d) fainting.
The term for fainting is syncope. Sotalol is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias,
specifically boxer ventricular tachycardia and syncope (fainting).
✔✔Serum enzymes cannot be used to detect:
a) cholestasis.
b) muscle damage.
c) hepatocellular injury.
d) drug overdose. - ✔✔d) drug overdose.
Serum enzymes can be used to detect hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, or muscle
damage.
✔✔Which of the following terms describes the presence of an opening in a surgical
drape to allow exposure to a specific area while covering a broader area?
a) Cut-out
b)Surgical stage slit
c) Fenestration
d) Window - ✔✔c) Fenestration
Surgical drapes with varying sizes of fenestrations are commercially available and can
also be created easily by cutting a nonfenestrated drape with scissors. A fenestrated
drape is ideal for exposing only the surgical field.
✔✔When selecting a cuff to use to indirectly measure a cat's or dog's blood pressure,
the _____ of the cuff should be approximately _____ of the circumference of the limb at
the site of cuff placement.
a) circumference; 30%
b) width; 40%
,c) length; 40%
d) diameter; 30% - ✔✔b) width; 40%
The blood pressure cuff width should approximate 40% of the circumference of the limb
at the site of cuff placement.
✔✔A test for gastrointestinal parasites, ________ requires that the solution used in the
test must have a higher specific gravity than that of the parasitic material.
a) fecal flotation
b) fecal suspension
c) fecal sedimentation
d) direct smear of fecal matter - ✔✔a) fecal flotation
Two types of procedures are most often used in veterinary hospitals: flotation and
sedimentation. Fecal flotation methods are based on the specific gravity of parasitic
material and fecal debris. To allow for flotation of parasite eggs, oocysts, and other life
cycle stages, the flotation solution must have a higher specific gravity than that of the
parasitic material.
✔✔Which of the following tests is essential for the evaluation of primary renal disease?
a) Urinalysis
b) Serum chemistry panel
c) WBC
d) CBC - ✔✔a) Urinalysis
A urinalysis is essential for the evaluation of primary renal disease.
✔✔Fluid collected from thoracic and abdominal effusions can be put in EDTA tubes to:
a) prevent clotting (in case the sample is contaminated with blood).
b) keep it sterile.
c) prevent cloudiness during centrifugation.
d) preserve clarity and color. - ✔✔a) prevent clotting (in case the sample is
contaminated with blood).
Fluid should be placed in collection tubes containing EDTA to prevent clotting in case
the sample is contaminated with blood
✔✔Arterial blood samples should be drawn from the _____ or femoral artery.
a) dorsal metatarsal
b) saphenous
, c) cephalic
d) caudal - ✔✔a) dorsal metatarsal
Arterial blood samples are commonly obtained from the dorsal metatarsal artery or
femoral artery.
✔✔An abnormal P wave likely indicates:
a) ventricular chamber enlargement.
b) an electrical impulse of supraventricular origin.
c)right or left atrial enlargement.
d) bundle branch block. - ✔✔c)right or left atrial enlargement.
Identification of the P waves indicates whether there is normal coordinated atrial
activation, abnormal (ectopic) atrial activation, or no activation. Measuring P wave
height and width determines the presence of atrial enlargement.
✔✔When passing sharp instruments or scalpel blades, the sharp components should
be passed:
a) only after asking the surgeon to verify that the b) instrument or blade is the right one.
slowly.
c) in such a way that the surgeon's open palm is avoided (i.e., pass the instrument or
blade from your pen-hold grasp to the surgeon's pen-hold grasp).
D) away from the surgeon's hand. - ✔✔D) away from the surgeon's hand.
The scalpel blade should be passed with the blade away from the surgeon's hand to
prevent accidental injury.
✔✔At high doses, narcotics can cause excitement in:
a) cats.
b) horses.
c)collie breeds or mixes.
d) goats. - ✔✔b) horses.
Although this side effect is rare in patients in pain, opioids may cause excitement in
large animal species, especially horses and pigs, and are often used with a sedative
(e.g., xylazine, romifidine, or detomidine) in these species. Cattle, sheep, and goats
generally become lightly sedated with opioids but may have behavioral changes such
as restlessness and vocalization.
✔✔Amino acids are made up of carbon, oxygen, _____, and _____.
a)phosphorus; potassium
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔As a complication of celiotomy, your patient experiences ____, a temporary loss of
intestinal motility.
a) evisceration
b)megaesophagus
c)ileus
d) diarrhea - ✔✔c) ileus
Intestinal ileus is a (usually temporary) loss of intestinal motility.
✔✔_____ refers to an increased response to a stimulus that is normally painful so that
less and less stimulation is required to produce pain, whereas _____ refers to the
production of pain in response to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.
a) Allodynia; hyperalgesia
b)Nociception; analgesia
c)Analgesia; hyperalgesia
d)Hyperalgesia; allodynia - ✔✔d)Hyperalgesia; allodynia
Hyperalgesia is a state in which less and less stimulation is required to initiate pain.
Allodynia results in normally harmless sensations being interpreted as pain
✔✔In situations in which the veterinary staff is having difficulty stimulating a calf to
breathe, _____ can be injected under the animal's _____.
a) doxapram hydrochloride; upper eyelid
b) epinephrine; tongue
c) doxapram hydrochloride; tongue
e) epinephrine; upper eyelid - ✔✔c) doxapram hydrochloride; tongue
,For difficult cases, doxapram hydrochloride, a respiratory stimulant, may be injected
under the tongue to induce respiration.
✔✔Syncope is:
a) breathing deeply.
b) a sympathomimetic agent.
c) tranquilizer commonly used in show horses to help them cope with the stress in the
judging arena.
d) fainting. - ✔✔d) fainting.
The term for fainting is syncope. Sotalol is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias,
specifically boxer ventricular tachycardia and syncope (fainting).
✔✔Serum enzymes cannot be used to detect:
a) cholestasis.
b) muscle damage.
c) hepatocellular injury.
d) drug overdose. - ✔✔d) drug overdose.
Serum enzymes can be used to detect hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, or muscle
damage.
✔✔Which of the following terms describes the presence of an opening in a surgical
drape to allow exposure to a specific area while covering a broader area?
a) Cut-out
b)Surgical stage slit
c) Fenestration
d) Window - ✔✔c) Fenestration
Surgical drapes with varying sizes of fenestrations are commercially available and can
also be created easily by cutting a nonfenestrated drape with scissors. A fenestrated
drape is ideal for exposing only the surgical field.
✔✔When selecting a cuff to use to indirectly measure a cat's or dog's blood pressure,
the _____ of the cuff should be approximately _____ of the circumference of the limb at
the site of cuff placement.
a) circumference; 30%
b) width; 40%
,c) length; 40%
d) diameter; 30% - ✔✔b) width; 40%
The blood pressure cuff width should approximate 40% of the circumference of the limb
at the site of cuff placement.
✔✔A test for gastrointestinal parasites, ________ requires that the solution used in the
test must have a higher specific gravity than that of the parasitic material.
a) fecal flotation
b) fecal suspension
c) fecal sedimentation
d) direct smear of fecal matter - ✔✔a) fecal flotation
Two types of procedures are most often used in veterinary hospitals: flotation and
sedimentation. Fecal flotation methods are based on the specific gravity of parasitic
material and fecal debris. To allow for flotation of parasite eggs, oocysts, and other life
cycle stages, the flotation solution must have a higher specific gravity than that of the
parasitic material.
✔✔Which of the following tests is essential for the evaluation of primary renal disease?
a) Urinalysis
b) Serum chemistry panel
c) WBC
d) CBC - ✔✔a) Urinalysis
A urinalysis is essential for the evaluation of primary renal disease.
✔✔Fluid collected from thoracic and abdominal effusions can be put in EDTA tubes to:
a) prevent clotting (in case the sample is contaminated with blood).
b) keep it sterile.
c) prevent cloudiness during centrifugation.
d) preserve clarity and color. - ✔✔a) prevent clotting (in case the sample is
contaminated with blood).
Fluid should be placed in collection tubes containing EDTA to prevent clotting in case
the sample is contaminated with blood
✔✔Arterial blood samples should be drawn from the _____ or femoral artery.
a) dorsal metatarsal
b) saphenous
, c) cephalic
d) caudal - ✔✔a) dorsal metatarsal
Arterial blood samples are commonly obtained from the dorsal metatarsal artery or
femoral artery.
✔✔An abnormal P wave likely indicates:
a) ventricular chamber enlargement.
b) an electrical impulse of supraventricular origin.
c)right or left atrial enlargement.
d) bundle branch block. - ✔✔c)right or left atrial enlargement.
Identification of the P waves indicates whether there is normal coordinated atrial
activation, abnormal (ectopic) atrial activation, or no activation. Measuring P wave
height and width determines the presence of atrial enlargement.
✔✔When passing sharp instruments or scalpel blades, the sharp components should
be passed:
a) only after asking the surgeon to verify that the b) instrument or blade is the right one.
slowly.
c) in such a way that the surgeon's open palm is avoided (i.e., pass the instrument or
blade from your pen-hold grasp to the surgeon's pen-hold grasp).
D) away from the surgeon's hand. - ✔✔D) away from the surgeon's hand.
The scalpel blade should be passed with the blade away from the surgeon's hand to
prevent accidental injury.
✔✔At high doses, narcotics can cause excitement in:
a) cats.
b) horses.
c)collie breeds or mixes.
d) goats. - ✔✔b) horses.
Although this side effect is rare in patients in pain, opioids may cause excitement in
large animal species, especially horses and pigs, and are often used with a sedative
(e.g., xylazine, romifidine, or detomidine) in these species. Cattle, sheep, and goats
generally become lightly sedated with opioids but may have behavioral changes such
as restlessness and vocalization.
✔✔Amino acids are made up of carbon, oxygen, _____, and _____.
a)phosphorus; potassium
