MN 551 PATHO CORE ALL TIPS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Increased thrombopoietin levels - ✔✔Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old
girl developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work
was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be considered
unexpected by the health care team?
✔✔"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production
system." - ✔✔A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by friends
to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of stem
cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and are
seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might expect
to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the
couple's inquiry?
✔✔Bacterial - ✔✔Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective
agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in
broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to
crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
✔✔Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - ✔✔A child has been diagnosed with
thalassemia. Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for?
✔✔Neutrophils - ✔✔A patient presented to the emergency department of the hospital
with a swollen, reddened, painful leg wound and has been diagnosed with methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus cellulitis. The patient's nurse practitioner has ordered a
complete blood count and white cell differential. Which of the following blood
components would the nurse practitioner most likely anticipate to be elevated?
,✔✔"My baby could become infected either across the placenta or during the birth itself."
- ✔✔A nurse practitioner is providing prenatal care and education for a first-time
expectant mother, 22 weeks' gestation, who has a diagnosis of a sexually transmitted
infection. Which of the following statements by the expectant mother demonstrates an
adequate understanding of vertical disease transmission and congenital infections?
✔✔The lymph nodes involved are located in a large number of locations in the
lymphatic system. - ✔✔A 60-year-old woman is suspected of having non-Hodgkin
lymphoma (NHL). Which of the following aspects of her condition would help to rule out
Hodgkin lymphoma?
✔✔"Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight the infection." -
✔✔A 23-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of appendicitis following 24
hours of acute abdominal pain. The nurse practitioner providing care for the man is
explaining that while it is unpleasant, the inflammation of his appendix is playing a role
in his body's fight against the underlying infectious process. Which of the following
teaching points should the nurse practitioner eliminate from his teaching for the patient?
✔✔"Interferon can bolster your father's immune system by stimulating natural killer cells
that attack viruses." - ✔✔A 60-year-old male patient with an acute viral infection is
receiving interferon therapy. The nurse practitioner is teaching the family of the patient
about the diverse actions of the treatment and the ways that it differs from other anti-
infective therapies. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse practitioner
exclude?
✔✔Some viruses are capable of transforming normal host cells into malignant cells. -
✔✔A patient has been admitted to an inpatient medical unit of a hospital with an acute
viral infection. The health care team providing care for the patient would recognize
which of the following statements as an accurate description of the role of viruses in
human infections?
✔✔Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit from transplantation of thymic
tissue or major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-compatible bone marrow? - ✔✔A 7-
year-old boy whose blood work indicates decreased IgA and IgG with increased IgM
✔✔A 66-year-old female patient has presented to the emergency department because
of several months of intermittently bloody stools that has recently become worse. The
woman has since been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal bleed secondary to overuse of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that she takes for her arthritis. The health care
team would realize that which of the following situations is most likely? - ✔✔She will
have iron-deficiency anemia due to depletion of iron stores.
✔✔A tourist presented to a primary care health clinic complaining of malaise, fever, and
headache. She has subsequently been diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a
,pathology caused by Rickettsiaceae. Which of the followed statements best captures a
characteristic trait of Rickettsiaceae? - ✔✔They have both RNA and DNA.
✔✔A 16-year-old female has been brought to her primary care nurse practitioner by her
mother due to the girl's persistent sore throat and malaise. Which of the following facts
revealed in the girl's history and examination would lead the nurse practitioner to rule
out infectious mononucleosis? - ✔✔Chest auscultation reveals crackles in her lower
lung fields bilaterally.
✔✔A 29-year-old construction worker got a sliver under his fingernail four days ago.
The affected finger is now reddened, painful, swollen, and warm to the touch. Which of
the following hematological processes is most likely occurring in response to the
infection? - ✔✔Proliferation of immature neutrophils
✔✔As part of his diagnostic workup, a 77-year-old man's nurse practitioner has ordered
blood work that includes ferritin levels. The man is very interested in the details of his
health care and is unfamiliar with ferritin and its role. He asks his nurse practitioner to
explain the significance of it and the rationale for testing it. Which of the following
explanations by the nurse practitioner is most accurate? - ✔✔"Ferritin is a stored form of
iron that indirectly shows me whether you would benefit from iron pills."
✔✔A nurse practitioner is teaching her colleagues about the role of cytokines in a
variety of pathologies. Which of the following teaching points best captures an aspect of
the functions and nature of cytokines? - ✔✔"A particular cytokine can have varied
effects on different systems, a fact that limits their therapeutic use."
✔✔Which of the following phenomena would be least likely to result in activation of the
complement system? - ✔✔Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on complement
proteins
✔✔A 71-year-old male patient with a history of myocardial infarction and peripheral
vascular disease has been advised by his nurse practitioner to begin taking 81 mg
aspirin once daily. Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the
underlying rationale for the nurse practitioner's suggestion? - ✔✔Platelet aggregation
can be precluded through inhibition of prostaglandin production by aspirin.
✔✔The blood work of a 44-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of liver disease
secondary to alcohol abuse indicates low levels of albumin. Which of the following
phenomena would a clinician be most justified in anticipating? - ✔✔Acid-base
imbalances
✔✔A 40-year-old woman who experiences severe seasonal allergies has been referred
by her family physician to an allergist for weekly allergy injections. The woman is
confused as to why repeated exposure to substances that set off her allergies would
, ultimately benefit her. Which of the following phenomena best captures the rationale for
allergy desensitization therapy? - ✔✔Injections of allergens simulate production of IgG,
which blocks antigens from combining with IgE.
✔✔A 24-year-old woman presents with fever and painful, swollen cervical lymph nodes.
Her blood work indicates neutrophilia with a shift to the left. She most likely has: - ✔✔A
severe bacterial infection
✔✔Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of lymphatic
system activity? - ✔✔B and T lymphocyte development begins in the bone marrow and
ends in the peripheral lymphoid structures.
✔✔A 22-year-old female who adheres to a vegan diet has been diagnosed with iron-
deficiency anemia. Which of the following components of her diagnostic blood work
would be most likely to necessitate further investigation? - ✔✔Decreased erythropoietin
levels
✔✔A 44-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with abnormal
bleeding and abdominal pain that is later attributed to gallbladder disease. Which of the
following diagnoses would the medical team be most justified in suspecting as a cause
of the patient's bleeding? - ✔✔Vitamin K deficiency
✔✔A nurse practitioner student is familiarizing herself with the overnight admissions to
an acute medical unit of a university hospital. Which of the following patients would the
student recognize as being least likely to have a diagnosis of antiphospholipid
syndrome in his or her medical history? - ✔✔A 21-year-old male with a diagnosis of
cellulitis and suspected endocarditis secondary to intravenous drug use
✔✔A 30-year-old man has spent 5 hours on a cross-country flight seated next to a
passenger who has been sneezing and coughing, and the man has been inhaling viral
particles periodically. Which of the following situations would most likely result in the
stimulation of the man's T lymphocytes and adaptive immune system?
Question options:
A. Presentation of a foreign antigen by a familiar immunoglobulin
B.Recognition of a foreign MHC molecule
D.Cytokine stimulation of a T lymphocyte with macrophage or dendritic cell mediation -
✔✔
✔✔A nurse practitioner is explaining to a 40-year-old male patient the damage that
Mycobacterium tuberculosis could do to lung tissue. Which of the following phenomena
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Increased thrombopoietin levels - ✔✔Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old
girl developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work
was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be considered
unexpected by the health care team?
✔✔"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production
system." - ✔✔A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by friends
to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of stem
cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and are
seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might expect
to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the
couple's inquiry?
✔✔Bacterial - ✔✔Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective
agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in
broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to
crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
✔✔Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - ✔✔A child has been diagnosed with
thalassemia. Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for?
✔✔Neutrophils - ✔✔A patient presented to the emergency department of the hospital
with a swollen, reddened, painful leg wound and has been diagnosed with methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus cellulitis. The patient's nurse practitioner has ordered a
complete blood count and white cell differential. Which of the following blood
components would the nurse practitioner most likely anticipate to be elevated?
,✔✔"My baby could become infected either across the placenta or during the birth itself."
- ✔✔A nurse practitioner is providing prenatal care and education for a first-time
expectant mother, 22 weeks' gestation, who has a diagnosis of a sexually transmitted
infection. Which of the following statements by the expectant mother demonstrates an
adequate understanding of vertical disease transmission and congenital infections?
✔✔The lymph nodes involved are located in a large number of locations in the
lymphatic system. - ✔✔A 60-year-old woman is suspected of having non-Hodgkin
lymphoma (NHL). Which of the following aspects of her condition would help to rule out
Hodgkin lymphoma?
✔✔"Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight the infection." -
✔✔A 23-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of appendicitis following 24
hours of acute abdominal pain. The nurse practitioner providing care for the man is
explaining that while it is unpleasant, the inflammation of his appendix is playing a role
in his body's fight against the underlying infectious process. Which of the following
teaching points should the nurse practitioner eliminate from his teaching for the patient?
✔✔"Interferon can bolster your father's immune system by stimulating natural killer cells
that attack viruses." - ✔✔A 60-year-old male patient with an acute viral infection is
receiving interferon therapy. The nurse practitioner is teaching the family of the patient
about the diverse actions of the treatment and the ways that it differs from other anti-
infective therapies. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse practitioner
exclude?
✔✔Some viruses are capable of transforming normal host cells into malignant cells. -
✔✔A patient has been admitted to an inpatient medical unit of a hospital with an acute
viral infection. The health care team providing care for the patient would recognize
which of the following statements as an accurate description of the role of viruses in
human infections?
✔✔Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit from transplantation of thymic
tissue or major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-compatible bone marrow? - ✔✔A 7-
year-old boy whose blood work indicates decreased IgA and IgG with increased IgM
✔✔A 66-year-old female patient has presented to the emergency department because
of several months of intermittently bloody stools that has recently become worse. The
woman has since been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal bleed secondary to overuse of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that she takes for her arthritis. The health care
team would realize that which of the following situations is most likely? - ✔✔She will
have iron-deficiency anemia due to depletion of iron stores.
✔✔A tourist presented to a primary care health clinic complaining of malaise, fever, and
headache. She has subsequently been diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a
,pathology caused by Rickettsiaceae. Which of the followed statements best captures a
characteristic trait of Rickettsiaceae? - ✔✔They have both RNA and DNA.
✔✔A 16-year-old female has been brought to her primary care nurse practitioner by her
mother due to the girl's persistent sore throat and malaise. Which of the following facts
revealed in the girl's history and examination would lead the nurse practitioner to rule
out infectious mononucleosis? - ✔✔Chest auscultation reveals crackles in her lower
lung fields bilaterally.
✔✔A 29-year-old construction worker got a sliver under his fingernail four days ago.
The affected finger is now reddened, painful, swollen, and warm to the touch. Which of
the following hematological processes is most likely occurring in response to the
infection? - ✔✔Proliferation of immature neutrophils
✔✔As part of his diagnostic workup, a 77-year-old man's nurse practitioner has ordered
blood work that includes ferritin levels. The man is very interested in the details of his
health care and is unfamiliar with ferritin and its role. He asks his nurse practitioner to
explain the significance of it and the rationale for testing it. Which of the following
explanations by the nurse practitioner is most accurate? - ✔✔"Ferritin is a stored form of
iron that indirectly shows me whether you would benefit from iron pills."
✔✔A nurse practitioner is teaching her colleagues about the role of cytokines in a
variety of pathologies. Which of the following teaching points best captures an aspect of
the functions and nature of cytokines? - ✔✔"A particular cytokine can have varied
effects on different systems, a fact that limits their therapeutic use."
✔✔Which of the following phenomena would be least likely to result in activation of the
complement system? - ✔✔Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on complement
proteins
✔✔A 71-year-old male patient with a history of myocardial infarction and peripheral
vascular disease has been advised by his nurse practitioner to begin taking 81 mg
aspirin once daily. Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the
underlying rationale for the nurse practitioner's suggestion? - ✔✔Platelet aggregation
can be precluded through inhibition of prostaglandin production by aspirin.
✔✔The blood work of a 44-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of liver disease
secondary to alcohol abuse indicates low levels of albumin. Which of the following
phenomena would a clinician be most justified in anticipating? - ✔✔Acid-base
imbalances
✔✔A 40-year-old woman who experiences severe seasonal allergies has been referred
by her family physician to an allergist for weekly allergy injections. The woman is
confused as to why repeated exposure to substances that set off her allergies would
, ultimately benefit her. Which of the following phenomena best captures the rationale for
allergy desensitization therapy? - ✔✔Injections of allergens simulate production of IgG,
which blocks antigens from combining with IgE.
✔✔A 24-year-old woman presents with fever and painful, swollen cervical lymph nodes.
Her blood work indicates neutrophilia with a shift to the left. She most likely has: - ✔✔A
severe bacterial infection
✔✔Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of lymphatic
system activity? - ✔✔B and T lymphocyte development begins in the bone marrow and
ends in the peripheral lymphoid structures.
✔✔A 22-year-old female who adheres to a vegan diet has been diagnosed with iron-
deficiency anemia. Which of the following components of her diagnostic blood work
would be most likely to necessitate further investigation? - ✔✔Decreased erythropoietin
levels
✔✔A 44-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with abnormal
bleeding and abdominal pain that is later attributed to gallbladder disease. Which of the
following diagnoses would the medical team be most justified in suspecting as a cause
of the patient's bleeding? - ✔✔Vitamin K deficiency
✔✔A nurse practitioner student is familiarizing herself with the overnight admissions to
an acute medical unit of a university hospital. Which of the following patients would the
student recognize as being least likely to have a diagnosis of antiphospholipid
syndrome in his or her medical history? - ✔✔A 21-year-old male with a diagnosis of
cellulitis and suspected endocarditis secondary to intravenous drug use
✔✔A 30-year-old man has spent 5 hours on a cross-country flight seated next to a
passenger who has been sneezing and coughing, and the man has been inhaling viral
particles periodically. Which of the following situations would most likely result in the
stimulation of the man's T lymphocytes and adaptive immune system?
Question options:
A. Presentation of a foreign antigen by a familiar immunoglobulin
B.Recognition of a foreign MHC molecule
D.Cytokine stimulation of a T lymphocyte with macrophage or dendritic cell mediation -
✔✔
✔✔A nurse practitioner is explaining to a 40-year-old male patient the damage that
Mycobacterium tuberculosis could do to lung tissue. Which of the following phenomena
