POL 201 EXAM 2 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Democracy is derived from - Answers - the consent of the governed
The Colonial Era (pre-1760s) - Answers - -British rule, but local colonists had control
over taxes
-Gave them power
-Stamp act
-Tea Tax
-Build up of tyranny by the British government
Stamp act - Answers - -It required colonists to pay for an official stamp or seal whenever
they bought paper items
- took away power from the colonies
Tea Tax - Answers - - Boston tea party where colonists dressed up as native
americans, raided the shops and tossed the tea into the ocean
Roots of Revolution - Answers - - British take control of taxes -Stamp Act (1765)
- Tea Taxes; Boston Tea Party (1773)
- End of democracy, est. 1st Cont. Congress (1774)
- War Begins: Lexington & Concord (April 19th, 1775)
Declaration of Independence - Answers - - July 4th, 1776 by the 2nd Continental
Congress
- List of grievances of why they are declaring war on british
Themes
--inalienable rights
--sovereignty
Articles of Confederation (1781-1789) - Answers - - only a "firm league of friendship"
among the states
- very few powers to the national government
- Lasted for a short period of time because it was -
very weak
- replaced by contsitution
2 types of problems with articles of confederation - Answers - 1. Economic
2. Security
Economic Problem with articles of confederation - Answers - - barriers to interstate
commerce
- no common currency
- The different states could put trade barriers on each other
,Security Problem with articles of confederation - Answers - - civil unrest(depression at
this time)
- threats from abroad(British, spain)
The Constitutional Convention - Answers - - Started: May 25th, 1787
- Delegates from states ("The Framers")
---wealthy, educated MEN
- meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced
the new U.S. Constitution
Viriginia Plan - Answers - - large states
- representation by population
- Today→ house of representatives
New Jersey Plan - Answers - - smaller states
- equal representation for each state
- Today→Senate
Connecticut Compromise - Answers - - Representation by state AND by population
- Created Bicameral system of government (house & senate)
Design of the New Government - Answers - Separated and shared power
---federalism: power to states and central government
---3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial
Legislative (Congress) - Answers - - BiCameral: House and Senate
- Specific and limited powers
- Enabled economy to grow and increased national security
---Tax
---Raise armies
---Currency
Necessary and Proper Clause - Answers - - "make all laws which shall be necessary
and proper for carrying into Execution"
- List of 9 things and the 10th thing says in order to do those 9 things they might have to
do other things not explicitly stated
- gave congress more authority
Executive (President) - Answers - -Powers more limited and specified than Congress
e.g., President is Commander in Chief, but only Congress can declare war
- Role of presidency has evolved over time
---Power in regard to foreign policy has increased
---Domestic affair power has remained relatively constant
, Judicial (Federal Courts) - Answers - - Supreme Court acts as a referee between the
states
- Question of federal courts on local level is left up to Congress
- Judicial review is set aside
but... "supremacy clause" - const. is supreme law of land
- Enables supreme court to make a law illegal because it violates constitution
Checks and Balances - Answers - - Division of power
- Didn't want to create another monarchy
Slavery and The Constitution - Answers - - slavery never mentioned
- Would've been too hard to pass the constitution because large percentage of
population was in favor
- legal inequality of slaves upheld
- Art. I, Sec. 2: 3/5ths rule
Each slave counted as ⅗ of a person to determine representation
- Art. I, Sec. 9: slave trade continues until 1808
- Art. IV, Sec. 2: runaway slaves must be returned to their masters
Bill of Rights - Answers - - First 10 amendments of constitution
"Bill of Liberties"
--all the things the government can't do to you
Why weren't they in the original?
--They were in many states constitutions
--There was concern that if we right down all freedoms in stone, that's all we will get
--As society evolves, new things will come
Ratification - Answers - Needed 9 of 13 States (Art. VII)
Public debate
Anti-Federalists - Answers - - fear tyranny of strong central government
- Skeptical and feared that it would return back to monarchy
Federalists - Answers - (1) need to protect against foreign aggressors;
(2) checks and balances protect individual liberty
- Federalist papers to persuade antifederalists that it was essential for federal govt
- Need to protect against foreign aggressors
- Don't worry about division of power -- it will have checks and balances
Critiques of Const. - Answers - silent on slavery
too vague
Achievements of constitution - Answers - strengthened security and economy
stable, yet changes with the times
Democracy is derived from - Answers - the consent of the governed
The Colonial Era (pre-1760s) - Answers - -British rule, but local colonists had control
over taxes
-Gave them power
-Stamp act
-Tea Tax
-Build up of tyranny by the British government
Stamp act - Answers - -It required colonists to pay for an official stamp or seal whenever
they bought paper items
- took away power from the colonies
Tea Tax - Answers - - Boston tea party where colonists dressed up as native
americans, raided the shops and tossed the tea into the ocean
Roots of Revolution - Answers - - British take control of taxes -Stamp Act (1765)
- Tea Taxes; Boston Tea Party (1773)
- End of democracy, est. 1st Cont. Congress (1774)
- War Begins: Lexington & Concord (April 19th, 1775)
Declaration of Independence - Answers - - July 4th, 1776 by the 2nd Continental
Congress
- List of grievances of why they are declaring war on british
Themes
--inalienable rights
--sovereignty
Articles of Confederation (1781-1789) - Answers - - only a "firm league of friendship"
among the states
- very few powers to the national government
- Lasted for a short period of time because it was -
very weak
- replaced by contsitution
2 types of problems with articles of confederation - Answers - 1. Economic
2. Security
Economic Problem with articles of confederation - Answers - - barriers to interstate
commerce
- no common currency
- The different states could put trade barriers on each other
,Security Problem with articles of confederation - Answers - - civil unrest(depression at
this time)
- threats from abroad(British, spain)
The Constitutional Convention - Answers - - Started: May 25th, 1787
- Delegates from states ("The Framers")
---wealthy, educated MEN
- meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced
the new U.S. Constitution
Viriginia Plan - Answers - - large states
- representation by population
- Today→ house of representatives
New Jersey Plan - Answers - - smaller states
- equal representation for each state
- Today→Senate
Connecticut Compromise - Answers - - Representation by state AND by population
- Created Bicameral system of government (house & senate)
Design of the New Government - Answers - Separated and shared power
---federalism: power to states and central government
---3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial
Legislative (Congress) - Answers - - BiCameral: House and Senate
- Specific and limited powers
- Enabled economy to grow and increased national security
---Tax
---Raise armies
---Currency
Necessary and Proper Clause - Answers - - "make all laws which shall be necessary
and proper for carrying into Execution"
- List of 9 things and the 10th thing says in order to do those 9 things they might have to
do other things not explicitly stated
- gave congress more authority
Executive (President) - Answers - -Powers more limited and specified than Congress
e.g., President is Commander in Chief, but only Congress can declare war
- Role of presidency has evolved over time
---Power in regard to foreign policy has increased
---Domestic affair power has remained relatively constant
, Judicial (Federal Courts) - Answers - - Supreme Court acts as a referee between the
states
- Question of federal courts on local level is left up to Congress
- Judicial review is set aside
but... "supremacy clause" - const. is supreme law of land
- Enables supreme court to make a law illegal because it violates constitution
Checks and Balances - Answers - - Division of power
- Didn't want to create another monarchy
Slavery and The Constitution - Answers - - slavery never mentioned
- Would've been too hard to pass the constitution because large percentage of
population was in favor
- legal inequality of slaves upheld
- Art. I, Sec. 2: 3/5ths rule
Each slave counted as ⅗ of a person to determine representation
- Art. I, Sec. 9: slave trade continues until 1808
- Art. IV, Sec. 2: runaway slaves must be returned to their masters
Bill of Rights - Answers - - First 10 amendments of constitution
"Bill of Liberties"
--all the things the government can't do to you
Why weren't they in the original?
--They were in many states constitutions
--There was concern that if we right down all freedoms in stone, that's all we will get
--As society evolves, new things will come
Ratification - Answers - Needed 9 of 13 States (Art. VII)
Public debate
Anti-Federalists - Answers - - fear tyranny of strong central government
- Skeptical and feared that it would return back to monarchy
Federalists - Answers - (1) need to protect against foreign aggressors;
(2) checks and balances protect individual liberty
- Federalist papers to persuade antifederalists that it was essential for federal govt
- Need to protect against foreign aggressors
- Don't worry about division of power -- it will have checks and balances
Critiques of Const. - Answers - silent on slavery
too vague
Achievements of constitution - Answers - strengthened security and economy
stable, yet changes with the times
