SNCOA STUDY EXAMS GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Individualism : Examples - ✔✔- Even though a teenager's mother needs her to help
look after her younger siblings, she decides to go meet her friends instead
- An individual takes the blame for losing a tool while working on a group project
✔✔Cross cultural Communication - ✔✔Verbal/ nonverbal-signals
Paralanguage
Haptics
High context/low context
"The most important thing in communication is hearing and understanding what "ISN'T"
said
✔✔Paralanguage: Non- Verbal (4) - ✔✔Nonverbal signals they can relate
communication without understanding the actual words someone is saying
Haptics
Proxemics
Chronemics
Kinesics
✔✔Paralanguage (verbal) (3) - ✔✔Verbal signals they can relate communication
without understanding the actual word someone is saying
Rate of speaking
Intonation voice
Pitch
✔✔Paralanguage (verbal) - ✔✔Verbal signals that can relate communication without
understanding the actual word someone is saying
,-Rate: of speaking: faster/lower
-Intonation: rise/fall of voice to
emphasize words/phrases
-Pitch highness/ lowness of the tone of voice
✔✔Paralanguage ( non-verbal ) - ✔✔Non-Verbal signals that can relate communication
without understanding the actual word someone is saying
**Haptics: Function, perception, meaning of touch who touches whom when and where
**Proxemics: Communicative affects of space &!distance how close is too close to stand
when talking
** Chronemics: (2) types
How people perceive and use time
1. Mono-chronic:
Linear view of time,
time is spent or wasted,
work in a systematic manner one task at a time
punctuality schedules deadlines are important
2. Poly-chronic:
Time is cyclical and naturally disorderly
Time is on controllable do to unpredictability of life
Work on multiple tasks at once
Delays are a part of life... Allowances are made for on for seen circumstances
**Kinestics: Study of movement and gesture, facial expressions, movements, Eye
behavior
✔✔Communication styles (2) types - ✔✔High context
low context
✔✔High context Communication - ✔✔-Favors the listeners ability to read between the
lines, understand
innotation & slight gestures.
-speakers choose words that are ambiguous
-listeners bear the responsibility of correctly interpreting speakers message
-lessons are taught through analogies parables and stories that illustrate
knowledge/wisdom
-People have a close connections over a long period of time
-Many aspects of behavior are not made clear because members are expected to
already know
(Ex) Korea Japan China- Most middle eastern,Arab, Latino & Mediterranean cultures
, ✔✔Low context Communication - ✔✔-Focuses on what is said, pays more attention to
the explicit meaning
-stresses alot of detail facts & statistics with little regard to how the message is
delivered
-favors communication that gets directly to the point
-sender is repinnsibke to provide a clear message that is easy decoded by the receiver
-Say what you mean mean what you say
-Refers to societies were people tend to have many connections but I'm shorter duration
or for some specific reason
-Cultural behavior and police may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming
into the cultural environment know how to behave
(Ex) Military is low context communication style, North America, northern Europe
✔✔Mediation - ✔✔-A useful tool to help people reach a solution to a problem they
cannot solve on their own
- Non-adversarial in nature
-Results in less stress f/everyone involved
-Builds confidence & trust
-Enables party to move forward while maintaining or reestablishing positive
relationships
✔✔Mediator - ✔✔-Individual that facilitates communication,
-promote understanding, focuses negotiating parties on interest rather than positions
-creative problem-solving enables parties to reach their own agreement
✔✔Caucus - ✔✔-Optional stage in mediation process
—mediator holds private meeting w/each party in dispute
-occurs when communication breaks down or sensitive issues arise that shouldn't be
discussed in front of the other party
✔✔Stakeholder - ✔✔Outside parties who have a vested or personal interest in the
initiation processing resolution of existing dispute
(Ex:) CC, 1st Sergeant, Supervisors, subordinates, neighbor, family members all
potential stakeholders of mediation
✔✔Emotional control - ✔✔Your ability to control outwardly visible emotional reactions
vital to neutrality and credibility
✔✔Impasse - ✔✔Parties are deadlocked... No longer progressing towards an
agreement in negotiation/mediation
✔✔Negotiation - ✔✔A process involving two or more people or groups where the
parties have a degree of difference in positions, interest, goals values or beliefs the
parties strive to reach agreement on issue or COA
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Individualism : Examples - ✔✔- Even though a teenager's mother needs her to help
look after her younger siblings, she decides to go meet her friends instead
- An individual takes the blame for losing a tool while working on a group project
✔✔Cross cultural Communication - ✔✔Verbal/ nonverbal-signals
Paralanguage
Haptics
High context/low context
"The most important thing in communication is hearing and understanding what "ISN'T"
said
✔✔Paralanguage: Non- Verbal (4) - ✔✔Nonverbal signals they can relate
communication without understanding the actual words someone is saying
Haptics
Proxemics
Chronemics
Kinesics
✔✔Paralanguage (verbal) (3) - ✔✔Verbal signals they can relate communication
without understanding the actual word someone is saying
Rate of speaking
Intonation voice
Pitch
✔✔Paralanguage (verbal) - ✔✔Verbal signals that can relate communication without
understanding the actual word someone is saying
,-Rate: of speaking: faster/lower
-Intonation: rise/fall of voice to
emphasize words/phrases
-Pitch highness/ lowness of the tone of voice
✔✔Paralanguage ( non-verbal ) - ✔✔Non-Verbal signals that can relate communication
without understanding the actual word someone is saying
**Haptics: Function, perception, meaning of touch who touches whom when and where
**Proxemics: Communicative affects of space &!distance how close is too close to stand
when talking
** Chronemics: (2) types
How people perceive and use time
1. Mono-chronic:
Linear view of time,
time is spent or wasted,
work in a systematic manner one task at a time
punctuality schedules deadlines are important
2. Poly-chronic:
Time is cyclical and naturally disorderly
Time is on controllable do to unpredictability of life
Work on multiple tasks at once
Delays are a part of life... Allowances are made for on for seen circumstances
**Kinestics: Study of movement and gesture, facial expressions, movements, Eye
behavior
✔✔Communication styles (2) types - ✔✔High context
low context
✔✔High context Communication - ✔✔-Favors the listeners ability to read between the
lines, understand
innotation & slight gestures.
-speakers choose words that are ambiguous
-listeners bear the responsibility of correctly interpreting speakers message
-lessons are taught through analogies parables and stories that illustrate
knowledge/wisdom
-People have a close connections over a long period of time
-Many aspects of behavior are not made clear because members are expected to
already know
(Ex) Korea Japan China- Most middle eastern,Arab, Latino & Mediterranean cultures
, ✔✔Low context Communication - ✔✔-Focuses on what is said, pays more attention to
the explicit meaning
-stresses alot of detail facts & statistics with little regard to how the message is
delivered
-favors communication that gets directly to the point
-sender is repinnsibke to provide a clear message that is easy decoded by the receiver
-Say what you mean mean what you say
-Refers to societies were people tend to have many connections but I'm shorter duration
or for some specific reason
-Cultural behavior and police may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming
into the cultural environment know how to behave
(Ex) Military is low context communication style, North America, northern Europe
✔✔Mediation - ✔✔-A useful tool to help people reach a solution to a problem they
cannot solve on their own
- Non-adversarial in nature
-Results in less stress f/everyone involved
-Builds confidence & trust
-Enables party to move forward while maintaining or reestablishing positive
relationships
✔✔Mediator - ✔✔-Individual that facilitates communication,
-promote understanding, focuses negotiating parties on interest rather than positions
-creative problem-solving enables parties to reach their own agreement
✔✔Caucus - ✔✔-Optional stage in mediation process
—mediator holds private meeting w/each party in dispute
-occurs when communication breaks down or sensitive issues arise that shouldn't be
discussed in front of the other party
✔✔Stakeholder - ✔✔Outside parties who have a vested or personal interest in the
initiation processing resolution of existing dispute
(Ex:) CC, 1st Sergeant, Supervisors, subordinates, neighbor, family members all
potential stakeholders of mediation
✔✔Emotional control - ✔✔Your ability to control outwardly visible emotional reactions
vital to neutrality and credibility
✔✔Impasse - ✔✔Parties are deadlocked... No longer progressing towards an
agreement in negotiation/mediation
✔✔Negotiation - ✔✔A process involving two or more people or groups where the
parties have a degree of difference in positions, interest, goals values or beliefs the
parties strive to reach agreement on issue or COA
