2026 GPSTC ACTUAL EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔An affidavit must state: - ✔✔1) The underlying circumstances showing the
informants credibility, or reliability of the information.
2) The basis of the informant's knowledge.
✔✔Illinois v. Gates - ✔✔Changed the standard from Aguilar and Spinelli to Totality of
Circumstances.
✔✔Is there a murder scene exception to the warrant requirement? - ✔✔No
✔✔Execution of a search warrant must be done within how many days? - ✔✔10 days
✔✔Exceptions to warrantless searches: - ✔✔1) Consent
2) Incident to a lawful arrest
3) Exigent Circumstances
✔✔Carroll v. United States - ✔✔Created the automobile exception to the search
warrant. An officer may search a car without a search warrant if he has probable cause
to believe it contains contraband even if there are no exigent circumstances preventing
him from getting a warrant.
✔✔What are the two elements that must be present for vehicle exception to a warrant?
- ✔✔1) Probable Cause
2) Vehicle must be readily mobile
✔✔Is the plain view doctrine an exception to the warrant requirement for a search? -
✔✔No. The plain view doctrine if a seizure doctrine, not a search doctrine.
✔✔Requirements for plain view - ✔✔1) Officer must have a legal right to be where he is
at the time of the discovery.
, 2) It must be immediately apparent that the seized item is stolen property, contraband,
or the fruits of a crime.
✔✔Can a person create a reasonable expectation of privacy in an open field? - ✔✔No.
It has to be associated with the house, home, business, etc.
✔✔Steagald v. United States - ✔✔Law enforcement officer could not legally search for
subject of arrest warrant in home of third party unless:
1) A search warrant is obtained
2) Lawful consent is given
3) Exigent Circumstances exist
✔✔What two main questions must be answered to know if force is reasonable? - ✔✔1)
What did you do?
2) Why did you do it?
✔✔Graham v. Connor - ✔✔Determined that the reasonableness of a particular use of
force must be judged from the perspective of how a reasonable officer on the scene
would respond, rather than from the 20/20 perspective of hindsight.
✔✔What are the Graham Factors in determining reasonableness of a particular use of
force? - ✔✔1) Severity of the offense.
2) Immediate threat to safety of officer or others.
3) Actively Resisting Arrest
4) Evading arrest by flight.
✔✔Do all Graham Factors need to be met in order to determine reasonableness? -
✔✔No. This is not a checklist.
✔✔Difference between a misdemeanor obstruction and felony obstruction. - ✔✔Felony
obstruction includes that someone knowingly and willfully resists, obstructs, or opposes
any law enforcement in the lawful discharge of his official duties by OFFERING OR
DOING VIOLENCE to the person of such officer.
✔✔What is the objective of use of force? - ✔✔To gain, regain, or maintain control of an
individual.
✔✔Evidence that you can examine and evaluate for yourself. Not influenced by
personal feelings, interpretation, prejudice. - ✔✔Objective Facts
✔✔Evidence that you cannot evaluate...you simply have to accept what the person says
or reject it. - ✔✔Conclusions (Subjective)
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔An affidavit must state: - ✔✔1) The underlying circumstances showing the
informants credibility, or reliability of the information.
2) The basis of the informant's knowledge.
✔✔Illinois v. Gates - ✔✔Changed the standard from Aguilar and Spinelli to Totality of
Circumstances.
✔✔Is there a murder scene exception to the warrant requirement? - ✔✔No
✔✔Execution of a search warrant must be done within how many days? - ✔✔10 days
✔✔Exceptions to warrantless searches: - ✔✔1) Consent
2) Incident to a lawful arrest
3) Exigent Circumstances
✔✔Carroll v. United States - ✔✔Created the automobile exception to the search
warrant. An officer may search a car without a search warrant if he has probable cause
to believe it contains contraband even if there are no exigent circumstances preventing
him from getting a warrant.
✔✔What are the two elements that must be present for vehicle exception to a warrant?
- ✔✔1) Probable Cause
2) Vehicle must be readily mobile
✔✔Is the plain view doctrine an exception to the warrant requirement for a search? -
✔✔No. The plain view doctrine if a seizure doctrine, not a search doctrine.
✔✔Requirements for plain view - ✔✔1) Officer must have a legal right to be where he is
at the time of the discovery.
, 2) It must be immediately apparent that the seized item is stolen property, contraband,
or the fruits of a crime.
✔✔Can a person create a reasonable expectation of privacy in an open field? - ✔✔No.
It has to be associated with the house, home, business, etc.
✔✔Steagald v. United States - ✔✔Law enforcement officer could not legally search for
subject of arrest warrant in home of third party unless:
1) A search warrant is obtained
2) Lawful consent is given
3) Exigent Circumstances exist
✔✔What two main questions must be answered to know if force is reasonable? - ✔✔1)
What did you do?
2) Why did you do it?
✔✔Graham v. Connor - ✔✔Determined that the reasonableness of a particular use of
force must be judged from the perspective of how a reasonable officer on the scene
would respond, rather than from the 20/20 perspective of hindsight.
✔✔What are the Graham Factors in determining reasonableness of a particular use of
force? - ✔✔1) Severity of the offense.
2) Immediate threat to safety of officer or others.
3) Actively Resisting Arrest
4) Evading arrest by flight.
✔✔Do all Graham Factors need to be met in order to determine reasonableness? -
✔✔No. This is not a checklist.
✔✔Difference between a misdemeanor obstruction and felony obstruction. - ✔✔Felony
obstruction includes that someone knowingly and willfully resists, obstructs, or opposes
any law enforcement in the lawful discharge of his official duties by OFFERING OR
DOING VIOLENCE to the person of such officer.
✔✔What is the objective of use of force? - ✔✔To gain, regain, or maintain control of an
individual.
✔✔Evidence that you can examine and evaluate for yourself. Not influenced by
personal feelings, interpretation, prejudice. - ✔✔Objective Facts
✔✔Evidence that you cannot evaluate...you simply have to accept what the person says
or reject it. - ✔✔Conclusions (Subjective)
