UW Chem 162 Exam 2 + Final
Questions and Answers
volatile - ANS-easily evaporated and produces vapor pressure
When enthalpy of solution is positive - ANS-endothermic reaction
When enthalpy of solution is negative - ANS-exothermic reaction
polar and ionic solutes dissolves best in - ANS-polar solvents
non-polar solutes dissolves best in - ANS-non-polar solvents
more charge density (greater charge)= - ANS-greater hydration
endothermic, T on solubility - ANS-solubility increases as T increases
exothermic, T on solubility - ANS-solubility decreases as T increases
gases, T on solubility - ANS-solubility decreases as T increases
gases, pressure on solubility - ANS-solubility decreases as pressure decreases
Henry's law holds only if - ANS-there is no chemical reaction between the solute and
solvent and the solution is fairly dilute
why do non-volatile solutes lower vapor pressure? - ANS-bc the dissolved solute
decreases the number of solvent molecules per unit volume/lowers the amount of
solvent volumes escaping the solution
boiling point definition - ANS-temp at which its vapor pressure equals atmospheric
pressure
non-volatile solutions & bp - ANS-higher bp
volatile solution and bp - ANS-lower bp
in freezing point depression, the presence of solute - ANS-lowers the freezing point
ideal behavior - ANS-approached when solute and solvent are involved n similar
intermolecular interactions (Hsoln=0)
, fractional distillation - ANS-boiling, condensing, boiling, etc.
to obtain pure substance
exceptions to e- configurations for 1st row transition metals - ANS-Cr - 4s1 3d5
Cu - 4s1 3d10
TM affect redox rxns less bc - ANS-val e- in d orbitals, d orbitals dont have large radial
extension, and d orbitals mostly non-bonding
as oxidation state increases - ANS-d orbitals are stabilized and metals get harder to
oxidize further
Max ox states - ANS-3B-7B = # of group
8B (actually columns 6, 7, 8) =
Fe:+3, Co:+3, Ni:+2
1B-2B = +2
complex ion - ANS-central metal ion surrounded by one to more ligands
counter ion - ANS-ion that balances the charge of a complex ion to form a neutral
compound
monodentate - ANS-one electron pair to donate
bidentate - ANS-two electron pairs to donate
polydentate - ANS-three or more electron pairs
numbering for noncomplex ligands - ANS-di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6)
numbering for complex ligands (en, gly, EDTA) - ANS-bis(2), tris(3), tetrakis(4)
ethylenediamine - ANS-en = (CH2)2(NH2)2 = coord # is 2
glycine - ANS-gly = CH2NH2CO2 - = coord # is 2
ethylenediaminetetraacetate - ANS-EDTA = C10H12N2O8 4- = coord # is 6
coordination number - ANS-number of neighbors
influenced by size of central atom, bulk of ligands, and electronic interactions
isomers: atoms linked to same partners?? - ANS-No = structural isomers
Yes = stereoisomers
stereoisomers: identical to mirror image? - ANS-No = optical isomers
Questions and Answers
volatile - ANS-easily evaporated and produces vapor pressure
When enthalpy of solution is positive - ANS-endothermic reaction
When enthalpy of solution is negative - ANS-exothermic reaction
polar and ionic solutes dissolves best in - ANS-polar solvents
non-polar solutes dissolves best in - ANS-non-polar solvents
more charge density (greater charge)= - ANS-greater hydration
endothermic, T on solubility - ANS-solubility increases as T increases
exothermic, T on solubility - ANS-solubility decreases as T increases
gases, T on solubility - ANS-solubility decreases as T increases
gases, pressure on solubility - ANS-solubility decreases as pressure decreases
Henry's law holds only if - ANS-there is no chemical reaction between the solute and
solvent and the solution is fairly dilute
why do non-volatile solutes lower vapor pressure? - ANS-bc the dissolved solute
decreases the number of solvent molecules per unit volume/lowers the amount of
solvent volumes escaping the solution
boiling point definition - ANS-temp at which its vapor pressure equals atmospheric
pressure
non-volatile solutions & bp - ANS-higher bp
volatile solution and bp - ANS-lower bp
in freezing point depression, the presence of solute - ANS-lowers the freezing point
ideal behavior - ANS-approached when solute and solvent are involved n similar
intermolecular interactions (Hsoln=0)
, fractional distillation - ANS-boiling, condensing, boiling, etc.
to obtain pure substance
exceptions to e- configurations for 1st row transition metals - ANS-Cr - 4s1 3d5
Cu - 4s1 3d10
TM affect redox rxns less bc - ANS-val e- in d orbitals, d orbitals dont have large radial
extension, and d orbitals mostly non-bonding
as oxidation state increases - ANS-d orbitals are stabilized and metals get harder to
oxidize further
Max ox states - ANS-3B-7B = # of group
8B (actually columns 6, 7, 8) =
Fe:+3, Co:+3, Ni:+2
1B-2B = +2
complex ion - ANS-central metal ion surrounded by one to more ligands
counter ion - ANS-ion that balances the charge of a complex ion to form a neutral
compound
monodentate - ANS-one electron pair to donate
bidentate - ANS-two electron pairs to donate
polydentate - ANS-three or more electron pairs
numbering for noncomplex ligands - ANS-di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6)
numbering for complex ligands (en, gly, EDTA) - ANS-bis(2), tris(3), tetrakis(4)
ethylenediamine - ANS-en = (CH2)2(NH2)2 = coord # is 2
glycine - ANS-gly = CH2NH2CO2 - = coord # is 2
ethylenediaminetetraacetate - ANS-EDTA = C10H12N2O8 4- = coord # is 6
coordination number - ANS-number of neighbors
influenced by size of central atom, bulk of ligands, and electronic interactions
isomers: atoms linked to same partners?? - ANS-No = structural isomers
Yes = stereoisomers
stereoisomers: identical to mirror image? - ANS-No = optical isomers
