Exam 3 Chem 162 with 100% Correct
Answers
First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be _________ or __________. - ANS-
Created; Destroyed
For an exothermic reaction, "lost" heat from the _________ goes into the
_____________. - ANS-system; surroundings
two ways energy "lost" from a system,
converted to _____,___
used to do _______,___ - ANS-heat, q; work, w
Therefore State __ has higher entropy than either State __ or State __ - ANS-C; A; B
The macrostate with the highest _______ also has the greatest dispersal of energy. -
ANS-entropy
entropy change is favorable when the result is a more __________ system. - ANS-
random
Some changes that increase the entropy are:
reactions whose products are in a more disordered state.
(_______ < ________ < _____) - ANS-solid; liquid; gas
entropy change is favorable when the result has an ________ in _______ and larger
numbers of _________. - ANS-increase in temperature; products
the total entropy change of the universe must be _________ for a process to be
___________. - ANS-positive; spontaneous
Heat must flow from _______ to ____ in order for the entropy of the universe to
__________. - ANS-water; ice; increase
when a system process is exothermic, it ______ heat to the surroundings, increasing
the entropy of the surroundings - ANS-adds
when a system process is endothermic, it ______ heat from the surroundings,
decreasing the entropy of the surroundings - ANS-takes
, when ΔG < 0, there is a __________ in free energy of the system that is released into
the surroundings; therefore a process will be __________ when ΔG is _________. -
ANS-decrease; spontaneous; negative
ΔG will be negative when
__ is negative and __ is positive or ___ is positive but small and ___ is positive and
large. - ANS-H; S; H; S
When ___ = 0 the reaction is at equilibrium. - ANS-G
the __________ ____________ of a substance is the amount of energy it has due to
dispersion of energy through its particles - ANS-absolute entropy
the ____ Law states that for a perfect crystal at absolute zero, the absolute entropy = __
J/mol∙K, therefore, the absolute entropy of substances is always ______ - ANS-3rd; 0;
postitive
The _________ __________ are entropies for 1 mole at 298 K for a particular state, a
particular allotrope, particular molecular complexity, a particular molar mass, and a
particular degree of dissolution. - ANS-standard entropies
the ____ state has a larger entropy than the ______ state at a particular temperature
and the ________ state has a larger entropy than the ______ state at a particular
temperature
gas>liquid>solid for ______ to ________ entropies - ANS-gas; liquid; liquid; solid; larger
to smaller
the larger the _____ _______ , the larger the __________. - ANS-molar mass; entropy
the _________ _______________ the structure of an allotrope is, the _________ its
entropy - ANS-less constrained; larger
larger, more complex molecules generally have _______ entropy - ANS-larger
dissolved solids generally have ________ entropy - ANS-larger
ΔG is a _______ __________ - ANS-state function
if a reaction is reversed, the _____ of its ΔG value ________. - ANS-sign; reverses
in a real reaction, some of the free energy is ____ as heat, therefore, real reactions are
________. - ANS-lost; irreversible
ΔG = ______ only when the reactants and products are in their standard states such as
1 atm, 1M, normal temp - ANS-ΔG
Answers
First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be _________ or __________. - ANS-
Created; Destroyed
For an exothermic reaction, "lost" heat from the _________ goes into the
_____________. - ANS-system; surroundings
two ways energy "lost" from a system,
converted to _____,___
used to do _______,___ - ANS-heat, q; work, w
Therefore State __ has higher entropy than either State __ or State __ - ANS-C; A; B
The macrostate with the highest _______ also has the greatest dispersal of energy. -
ANS-entropy
entropy change is favorable when the result is a more __________ system. - ANS-
random
Some changes that increase the entropy are:
reactions whose products are in a more disordered state.
(_______ < ________ < _____) - ANS-solid; liquid; gas
entropy change is favorable when the result has an ________ in _______ and larger
numbers of _________. - ANS-increase in temperature; products
the total entropy change of the universe must be _________ for a process to be
___________. - ANS-positive; spontaneous
Heat must flow from _______ to ____ in order for the entropy of the universe to
__________. - ANS-water; ice; increase
when a system process is exothermic, it ______ heat to the surroundings, increasing
the entropy of the surroundings - ANS-adds
when a system process is endothermic, it ______ heat from the surroundings,
decreasing the entropy of the surroundings - ANS-takes
, when ΔG < 0, there is a __________ in free energy of the system that is released into
the surroundings; therefore a process will be __________ when ΔG is _________. -
ANS-decrease; spontaneous; negative
ΔG will be negative when
__ is negative and __ is positive or ___ is positive but small and ___ is positive and
large. - ANS-H; S; H; S
When ___ = 0 the reaction is at equilibrium. - ANS-G
the __________ ____________ of a substance is the amount of energy it has due to
dispersion of energy through its particles - ANS-absolute entropy
the ____ Law states that for a perfect crystal at absolute zero, the absolute entropy = __
J/mol∙K, therefore, the absolute entropy of substances is always ______ - ANS-3rd; 0;
postitive
The _________ __________ are entropies for 1 mole at 298 K for a particular state, a
particular allotrope, particular molecular complexity, a particular molar mass, and a
particular degree of dissolution. - ANS-standard entropies
the ____ state has a larger entropy than the ______ state at a particular temperature
and the ________ state has a larger entropy than the ______ state at a particular
temperature
gas>liquid>solid for ______ to ________ entropies - ANS-gas; liquid; liquid; solid; larger
to smaller
the larger the _____ _______ , the larger the __________. - ANS-molar mass; entropy
the _________ _______________ the structure of an allotrope is, the _________ its
entropy - ANS-less constrained; larger
larger, more complex molecules generally have _______ entropy - ANS-larger
dissolved solids generally have ________ entropy - ANS-larger
ΔG is a _______ __________ - ANS-state function
if a reaction is reversed, the _____ of its ΔG value ________. - ANS-sign; reverses
in a real reaction, some of the free energy is ____ as heat, therefore, real reactions are
________. - ANS-lost; irreversible
ΔG = ______ only when the reactants and products are in their standard states such as
1 atm, 1M, normal temp - ANS-ΔG
