Bio 230 Test 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest 2026 Update
Q: 1. Define pH and explain the relationships of acids and bases
Answer:
-pH is the concentration of
hydrogen ions (H+) in a fluid
Acids: Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water, forming H3O+
(pH<7)
Bases: Molecules that accept protons when dissolved in water (pH>7)
, Bio 230 Test 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest 2026 Update
Q: 2. Recognize the structure of the four major small organic molecules
Answer:
1. Sugars:
Polysaccharides, glycogen, and starch (in plants)
Ring shape
2. Fatty acids: Fats and membrane lipids
Long chain. Hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tail
3. Amino acids: Proteins
Have an Amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain (R)
4. Nucleotides: Nucleic acids
Nitrogen containing ring compounded linked to a five-carbon sugar that has one or
more
phosphate groups attached to it
, Bio 230 Test 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest 2026 Update
Q: 2. Describe the basic cellular functions of each of the four small organic
molecules and the large
Answer:
organic molecules they build 1. Sugars: Carbohydrates. Made up of Carbon,
Hydrogen, and
Oxygen. They are energy sources and structural material.
2. Fatty acids: Triglycerides. Serve as concentrated food reserve in cells
3. Amino acids: Proteins. Possess a carboxylic acid group and an amino group, both
attached to
a central alpha carbon atom. The alpha carbon also carries a specific side chain, the
identity of
which distinguishes one amino acid from another. Cells use amino acids to build
proteins.
Amino acids are linked by Peptide bonds
4. Nucelotides: Subunits of DNA and RNA. Serve as building blocks for nucleic
acids, Energy
carriers (ATP), Coenzymes, and Chemical messengers. Deoxyribonucleic acid and
ribonucleic
acid. Formed when the sugar of one nucleotide is covalently bonded to the phosphate
group of
the next
Solutions | Latest 2026 Update
Q: 1. Define pH and explain the relationships of acids and bases
Answer:
-pH is the concentration of
hydrogen ions (H+) in a fluid
Acids: Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water, forming H3O+
(pH<7)
Bases: Molecules that accept protons when dissolved in water (pH>7)
, Bio 230 Test 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest 2026 Update
Q: 2. Recognize the structure of the four major small organic molecules
Answer:
1. Sugars:
Polysaccharides, glycogen, and starch (in plants)
Ring shape
2. Fatty acids: Fats and membrane lipids
Long chain. Hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tail
3. Amino acids: Proteins
Have an Amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain (R)
4. Nucleotides: Nucleic acids
Nitrogen containing ring compounded linked to a five-carbon sugar that has one or
more
phosphate groups attached to it
, Bio 230 Test 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest 2026 Update
Q: 2. Describe the basic cellular functions of each of the four small organic
molecules and the large
Answer:
organic molecules they build 1. Sugars: Carbohydrates. Made up of Carbon,
Hydrogen, and
Oxygen. They are energy sources and structural material.
2. Fatty acids: Triglycerides. Serve as concentrated food reserve in cells
3. Amino acids: Proteins. Possess a carboxylic acid group and an amino group, both
attached to
a central alpha carbon atom. The alpha carbon also carries a specific side chain, the
identity of
which distinguishes one amino acid from another. Cells use amino acids to build
proteins.
Amino acids are linked by Peptide bonds
4. Nucelotides: Subunits of DNA and RNA. Serve as building blocks for nucleic
acids, Energy
carriers (ATP), Coenzymes, and Chemical messengers. Deoxyribonucleic acid and
ribonucleic
acid. Formed when the sugar of one nucleotide is covalently bonded to the phosphate
group of
the next
