RNSG 1128 Final Exam Review
Intro to Nursing Concepts
(2026-2027 Edition)
Final Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers and Rationales |
Latest Update | Grade A+
, Define gas exchange the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is
transported from cells
Gas Exchange Attributes (what must be present to exist) pH: 7.35-7.45
O2 Saturation: 95-100%
PaO: 85-100
PaCO & EtCO: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
Respiratory Rate within normal range (16-20)
Age appropriate level of consciousness
Race appropriate skin color
Gas Exchange Antecedents (must happen before Adequate Function of:
concept) Resp. System
Perfusion
Neurologic Function
Cardiovascular Function
Efficient Cellular Metabolism
Ischemia an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
Hypoxia Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
Anoxia absence of oxygen
Hypoxemia deficient oxygen in the blood
transport Availability & ability of hemoglobin to carry O2 from alveoli to cells for metabolism
and carry CO2 from cells to alveoli to be eliminated
Perfusion The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
What are negative consequences of altered gas Respiratory compromise
exchange? Respiratory distress
Respiratory failure
Altered O2 carrying capacity
Inadequate perfusion
Hypoxemia
Anoxia
Altered mental status
V/Q mismatch
Sub-Concepts of Gas Exchange (critical components) Inhalation/Exhalation
O2 carrying capacity
Circulation
Gas Exchange Risk Factors Tobacco Use
Altered consciousness
Altered oropharayngeal flora (increases # of microbes that can be aspirated)
Prolonged immobility
Chronic Disease
Gas Exchange Imbalance Causes: Impaired ventilation
Poor gas diffusion
Intro to Nursing Concepts
(2026-2027 Edition)
Final Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers and Rationales |
Latest Update | Grade A+
, Define gas exchange the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is
transported from cells
Gas Exchange Attributes (what must be present to exist) pH: 7.35-7.45
O2 Saturation: 95-100%
PaO: 85-100
PaCO & EtCO: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
Respiratory Rate within normal range (16-20)
Age appropriate level of consciousness
Race appropriate skin color
Gas Exchange Antecedents (must happen before Adequate Function of:
concept) Resp. System
Perfusion
Neurologic Function
Cardiovascular Function
Efficient Cellular Metabolism
Ischemia an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
Hypoxia Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
Anoxia absence of oxygen
Hypoxemia deficient oxygen in the blood
transport Availability & ability of hemoglobin to carry O2 from alveoli to cells for metabolism
and carry CO2 from cells to alveoli to be eliminated
Perfusion The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
What are negative consequences of altered gas Respiratory compromise
exchange? Respiratory distress
Respiratory failure
Altered O2 carrying capacity
Inadequate perfusion
Hypoxemia
Anoxia
Altered mental status
V/Q mismatch
Sub-Concepts of Gas Exchange (critical components) Inhalation/Exhalation
O2 carrying capacity
Circulation
Gas Exchange Risk Factors Tobacco Use
Altered consciousness
Altered oropharayngeal flora (increases # of microbes that can be aspirated)
Prolonged immobility
Chronic Disease
Gas Exchange Imbalance Causes: Impaired ventilation
Poor gas diffusion
