NUR 612- Alterations in Temperature
Regulation Questions with correct Answers
hypothalamus
primary thermoregulator of the body, receives input from core and skin, with rising and
falling temperatures, it initiates heat-dissipating or heat-conserving behaviors
thermoregulation
balance between heat production and heat loss
radiation
transfer through air/vacuum ex: sitting in a cool/warm room
conduction
direct molecule transfer ex: cold/warm IV fluids, warm bath
convection
transfer through moving air ex: blowing wind
evaporation
heat loss through water vapor ex: sweating, requires energy
with increased temperature the body
vasodilation, sweating
with decreased temperature
vasoconstriction, shivering
core temperatures
, more accurate than skin temperatures
core temperatures are measured
from the rectum using a thermometer, from the esophagus using a flexible thermometer,
from. a pulmonary artery catheter that uses thermodilution measurements of cardiac output,
from a bladder catheter with temperature probes at the tip
oral, ear, skin, pacifier temps
best used to monitor trends
metabolism
ex: cellular metabolic activity effect: produces body heat
increased metabolic activity
ex: exercise, increased BMR, increases heat production
failure of thermoregulation contributes to
fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia
fever
or pyrexia, describes an elevation in body temperature caused by an upward displacement of
the thermo-static set point of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
exogenous pyrogens
derived from outside the body, bacterial products, bacterial toxins, or whole microorganisms
induce host cells to produce fever-producing mediators
endogenous pyrogens
released by phagocytic cells after the exogenous pyrogens
Regulation Questions with correct Answers
hypothalamus
primary thermoregulator of the body, receives input from core and skin, with rising and
falling temperatures, it initiates heat-dissipating or heat-conserving behaviors
thermoregulation
balance between heat production and heat loss
radiation
transfer through air/vacuum ex: sitting in a cool/warm room
conduction
direct molecule transfer ex: cold/warm IV fluids, warm bath
convection
transfer through moving air ex: blowing wind
evaporation
heat loss through water vapor ex: sweating, requires energy
with increased temperature the body
vasodilation, sweating
with decreased temperature
vasoconstriction, shivering
core temperatures
, more accurate than skin temperatures
core temperatures are measured
from the rectum using a thermometer, from the esophagus using a flexible thermometer,
from. a pulmonary artery catheter that uses thermodilution measurements of cardiac output,
from a bladder catheter with temperature probes at the tip
oral, ear, skin, pacifier temps
best used to monitor trends
metabolism
ex: cellular metabolic activity effect: produces body heat
increased metabolic activity
ex: exercise, increased BMR, increases heat production
failure of thermoregulation contributes to
fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia
fever
or pyrexia, describes an elevation in body temperature caused by an upward displacement of
the thermo-static set point of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
exogenous pyrogens
derived from outside the body, bacterial products, bacterial toxins, or whole microorganisms
induce host cells to produce fever-producing mediators
endogenous pyrogens
released by phagocytic cells after the exogenous pyrogens
