PAEA PEDIATRICS EOR EXAMINATION SET
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔umbilical hernias are nml congenital anomalies and MC found in what pt population?
tx? - ✔✔-full term, african american infants
-surgical correction only recommended if hernia persists after age 4/5 (usually resolves
by age 2)
✔✔a child with *diarrhea, dermatitis & dementia* w/ a diet high in corn/corn products
would be likely to have what vitamin deficiency? - ✔✔"pellagra" (the 3 D's)- niacin (B3)
deficiency which can result in death if left untreated
✔✔a child with *vision changes, Bitot spots* (white spots on conjunctiva), skin & hair
changes, poor bone growth, & impaired immunity would be likely to have what vitamin
deficiency? - ✔✔vitamin A
dietary sources: dairy products, eggs, liver, meats, fish oils, leafy greens
✔✔a child with irritability, apathy, pallor; increased susceptibility to infections;
hemorrhages under skin, petechiae in mucous membranes & joints; hyperkeratotic
follicular papules; anemia, glossitis, mailase, weakness would be likely to have what
vitamin deficiency? - ✔✔vitamin C
dietary source: fruits & vegetables
✔✔a child with craniotabes (softening/thinning of skull), rachitic rosary (costochondral
thickening), pigeon breast, bowed legs, delayed eruption of teeth and enamel defects,
Harrison groove, scoliosis, kyphosis, dwarfism, painful bones, fractures, anorexia, and
weakness would be likely to have what vitamin deficiency? - ✔✔vitamin D
dietary sources: fortified milk and formulas, egg yolk, fatty fish, sun exposure, but also
can prescribe vit D3
,✔✔a child has loose stools, abdominal pain, flatulence, and borborygmi after ingestion
of milk/milk-products, what test do you order? tx? - ✔✔-hydrogen breath test (hydrogen
produced when colonic bacteria ferment the undigested lactose)
-tx: lactase enzyme, lactaid milk, lactose free diet
✔✔what is the treatment for a newborn that is at risk of being transmitted Hepatitis B at
birth from the mother? what are routes Hep B is transmitted? - ✔✔tx: Hep B vaccine at
birth and Hep B immune globulin as soon as possible, 1 month vaccine (nml is 2
month), 6 month vaccine
child may still become a chronic carrier but this is the best way to prevent that from
happening
transmitted parenterally, sexually, perinatally (90% of chronic cases), percutaneously
✔✔what serologic markers will be present in HBV immunization vs. window period vs.
acute hepatitis vs. resolved hepatitis vs. chronic hepatitis? - ✔✔-immunization: + anti-
HBs (surface Ab)
-window period: + anti-HBc (core Ab) IgM
-acute hepaitits: + HBsAg (surface antigen), + anti-HBc IgM
-resolved hepatitis: + anti-HBs, + anti-HBc IgG
-chronic hepatitis: + anti-HBs, + anti-HBc IgG, (& presence of envelope = active
replication)
✔✔is hepatitis C commonly transmitted pernatally? - ✔✔no- only 5% of the time. not
common via breastfeeding or sexually transmitted either. MC is parenterally
✔✔Dx? a child that has recently traveled to a foreign country develops fever, anorexia,
vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain, and dark urine preceding jaundice, which
peaks in 1-2 weeks and then begins to subside; stools may become light- or clay-
colored; tender hepatomegaly and jaundice are typically present; splenomegaly is
variable; tx? prevention? - ✔✔dx: hepatitis A (transmission is feco-oral)
tx: supportive (it is self-limiting)
prevention: hep A vaccine at 1-1.5 y/o
✔✔neonatal hepatitis may be caused by what infectious agents? - ✔✔EBV, CMV, HSV,
rubella, varicella, parvovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, Hep B, Hep C, treponema
pallidum, toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacterial infxn
✔✔a neonate presents with prematurity, poor feeding, emesis, poor growth, and
partially or intermittently acholic stools which are characteristic of hepatitis; in the
absence of infectious causes you diagnose them with? - ✔✔idiopathic neonatal (giant-
cell) hepatitis
, ✔✔what labs should be done for a pt w/ abnormal growth? - ✔✔celiac panel, thyroid
studies, CBC (AML, ALL, sickle cell), CMP (liver, electrolytes, glucose), growth hormone
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 2 month
old? - ✔✔-motor: holds head up
-verbal: coos/gurgling, turns head toward sound
-social: smiles, tracks things w/ eyes
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 4 month
old? - ✔✔-motor: rolls from tummy to back, pushes down on legs when held up, holds
head steady
-verbal: babbling, different crying tones/pitches
-social: spontaneous smile, responds to affection, reaches for toys, moves eyes across
midline
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 6 month
old? - ✔✔-motor: sits up w/o support, rolls in both directions, transfers objects to hands
-verbal: responds to name, makes vowel sounds
-social: feeds self/holds bottle
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 9 month
old? - ✔✔-motor: pulls to stand, crawls
-verbal: nonspecific mamama, bababa, finger to point
-social: peek-a-boo, finds hidden things
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 1 year
old? - ✔✔-motor: walks, stacks objects
-verbal: specific mama and dada
-social: imitates people, cries when parents leave, fears certain situations (strangers,
docs)
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 2 year
old? - ✔✔-motor: runs/kicks, up/down stairs w/ holding on, stacks 4-6 blocks
-verbal: 2-4 word sentences, points to object when named
-social: defiant behavior, plays besides kids, sorts shapes/colors
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 3 year
old? - ✔✔-motor: broad jump, wiggles thumb, copies a circle
-verbal: names pictures, 75% speech understandable, 3 word sentences
-social: shows affection for friends, takes turns, understands ownership
✔✔what are the immunizations done at birth, 2 mos, 4 mos, 6 mos, 1-1.5 yrs, 4-6 yrs,
11-12 yrs, 16-18 yrs? - ✔✔-birth: *B* (hep B)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔umbilical hernias are nml congenital anomalies and MC found in what pt population?
tx? - ✔✔-full term, african american infants
-surgical correction only recommended if hernia persists after age 4/5 (usually resolves
by age 2)
✔✔a child with *diarrhea, dermatitis & dementia* w/ a diet high in corn/corn products
would be likely to have what vitamin deficiency? - ✔✔"pellagra" (the 3 D's)- niacin (B3)
deficiency which can result in death if left untreated
✔✔a child with *vision changes, Bitot spots* (white spots on conjunctiva), skin & hair
changes, poor bone growth, & impaired immunity would be likely to have what vitamin
deficiency? - ✔✔vitamin A
dietary sources: dairy products, eggs, liver, meats, fish oils, leafy greens
✔✔a child with irritability, apathy, pallor; increased susceptibility to infections;
hemorrhages under skin, petechiae in mucous membranes & joints; hyperkeratotic
follicular papules; anemia, glossitis, mailase, weakness would be likely to have what
vitamin deficiency? - ✔✔vitamin C
dietary source: fruits & vegetables
✔✔a child with craniotabes (softening/thinning of skull), rachitic rosary (costochondral
thickening), pigeon breast, bowed legs, delayed eruption of teeth and enamel defects,
Harrison groove, scoliosis, kyphosis, dwarfism, painful bones, fractures, anorexia, and
weakness would be likely to have what vitamin deficiency? - ✔✔vitamin D
dietary sources: fortified milk and formulas, egg yolk, fatty fish, sun exposure, but also
can prescribe vit D3
,✔✔a child has loose stools, abdominal pain, flatulence, and borborygmi after ingestion
of milk/milk-products, what test do you order? tx? - ✔✔-hydrogen breath test (hydrogen
produced when colonic bacteria ferment the undigested lactose)
-tx: lactase enzyme, lactaid milk, lactose free diet
✔✔what is the treatment for a newborn that is at risk of being transmitted Hepatitis B at
birth from the mother? what are routes Hep B is transmitted? - ✔✔tx: Hep B vaccine at
birth and Hep B immune globulin as soon as possible, 1 month vaccine (nml is 2
month), 6 month vaccine
child may still become a chronic carrier but this is the best way to prevent that from
happening
transmitted parenterally, sexually, perinatally (90% of chronic cases), percutaneously
✔✔what serologic markers will be present in HBV immunization vs. window period vs.
acute hepatitis vs. resolved hepatitis vs. chronic hepatitis? - ✔✔-immunization: + anti-
HBs (surface Ab)
-window period: + anti-HBc (core Ab) IgM
-acute hepaitits: + HBsAg (surface antigen), + anti-HBc IgM
-resolved hepatitis: + anti-HBs, + anti-HBc IgG
-chronic hepatitis: + anti-HBs, + anti-HBc IgG, (& presence of envelope = active
replication)
✔✔is hepatitis C commonly transmitted pernatally? - ✔✔no- only 5% of the time. not
common via breastfeeding or sexually transmitted either. MC is parenterally
✔✔Dx? a child that has recently traveled to a foreign country develops fever, anorexia,
vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain, and dark urine preceding jaundice, which
peaks in 1-2 weeks and then begins to subside; stools may become light- or clay-
colored; tender hepatomegaly and jaundice are typically present; splenomegaly is
variable; tx? prevention? - ✔✔dx: hepatitis A (transmission is feco-oral)
tx: supportive (it is self-limiting)
prevention: hep A vaccine at 1-1.5 y/o
✔✔neonatal hepatitis may be caused by what infectious agents? - ✔✔EBV, CMV, HSV,
rubella, varicella, parvovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, Hep B, Hep C, treponema
pallidum, toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacterial infxn
✔✔a neonate presents with prematurity, poor feeding, emesis, poor growth, and
partially or intermittently acholic stools which are characteristic of hepatitis; in the
absence of infectious causes you diagnose them with? - ✔✔idiopathic neonatal (giant-
cell) hepatitis
, ✔✔what labs should be done for a pt w/ abnormal growth? - ✔✔celiac panel, thyroid
studies, CBC (AML, ALL, sickle cell), CMP (liver, electrolytes, glucose), growth hormone
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 2 month
old? - ✔✔-motor: holds head up
-verbal: coos/gurgling, turns head toward sound
-social: smiles, tracks things w/ eyes
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 4 month
old? - ✔✔-motor: rolls from tummy to back, pushes down on legs when held up, holds
head steady
-verbal: babbling, different crying tones/pitches
-social: spontaneous smile, responds to affection, reaches for toys, moves eyes across
midline
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 6 month
old? - ✔✔-motor: sits up w/o support, rolls in both directions, transfers objects to hands
-verbal: responds to name, makes vowel sounds
-social: feeds self/holds bottle
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 9 month
old? - ✔✔-motor: pulls to stand, crawls
-verbal: nonspecific mamama, bababa, finger to point
-social: peek-a-boo, finds hidden things
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 1 year
old? - ✔✔-motor: walks, stacks objects
-verbal: specific mama and dada
-social: imitates people, cries when parents leave, fears certain situations (strangers,
docs)
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 2 year
old? - ✔✔-motor: runs/kicks, up/down stairs w/ holding on, stacks 4-6 blocks
-verbal: 2-4 word sentences, points to object when named
-social: defiant behavior, plays besides kids, sorts shapes/colors
✔✔what motor, verbal, and social milestones are seen in nml development of a 3 year
old? - ✔✔-motor: broad jump, wiggles thumb, copies a circle
-verbal: names pictures, 75% speech understandable, 3 word sentences
-social: shows affection for friends, takes turns, understands ownership
✔✔what are the immunizations done at birth, 2 mos, 4 mos, 6 mos, 1-1.5 yrs, 4-6 yrs,
11-12 yrs, 16-18 yrs? - ✔✔-birth: *B* (hep B)
