NSG 3850 EXAM 3 – ACTUAL Practice
Questions (Renal, GI, Endocrine, Neuro)
Galen college
Complete NSG 3850 Exam 3 Coverage Summary:
Renal: Acute kidney injury (prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal), chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis,
nephrotic syndrome, pyelonephritis, UTI, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, urinary incontinence
types, electrolyte imbalances, AKI criteria
GI: GERD, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis), IBS, celiac
disease, appendicitis, diverticulitis/diverticulosis, bowel obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis, esophageal varices,
pancreatitis, cholecystitis/cholelithiasis, dumping syndrome, C. difficile
Endocrine: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, DKA, HHS, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism,
thyroid storm, Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, SIADH, diabetes insipidus
Neuro: Increased ICP, stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic), meningitis, seizures, Parkinson's disease,
Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, autonomic dysreflexia, Guillain-Barré syndrome
1. A client has postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis. Which clinical manifestation should
the nurse expect?
A. Urinary hesitancy
B. High glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
C. Hypertension and serum sodium of 129 mEq/L
D. Smokey or coffee-colored urine*
Acute glomerulonephritis causes hematuria (smokey/cola-colored urine), proteinuria,
hypertension, and decreased GFR due to glomerular inflammation.
Coverage: Renal – Glomerulonephritis
2. The nurse is assessing edema in a client with nephrotic syndrome. What causes the
edema?
A. Increased sodium loss leads to third spacing
B. Serum albumin is lost, oncotic pressure decreases, fluids escape to interstitial
space*
,C. Large glucose molecules crowd out other molecules
D. Oncotic pressure increases forcing fluids out
Nephrotic syndrome causes massive proteinuria, leading to hypoalbuminemia, decreased
oncotic pressure, and edema.
Coverage: Renal – Nephrotic Syndrome
3. Which statement indicates correct understanding of urinary incontinence types?
A. "Stress incontinence develops in response to bladder lining irritants"
B. "Pregnancy puts a client at increased risk for urge incontinence"
C. "Neuron demyelination causes a loss of messages to the bladder"*
D. "Functional incontinence occurs due to fecal impaction"
Neurogenic bladder from demyelination (e.g., MS, spinal cord injury) causes incontinence.
Stress incontinence is from increased abdominal pressure; urge is from overactive bladder.
Coverage: Renal – Incontinence
4. A client with nephrotic syndrome has proteinuria. What is the most likely cause?
A. The glomerular membrane has increased permeability causing protein leakage*
B. Glomeruli are damaged by the immune system
C. Renal tubules become clogged with cellular debris
D. Liver becomes overactive and synthesizes more protein
Damage to podocytes increases glomerular membrane permeability, allowing protein
(especially albumin) to leak into urine.
Coverage: Renal – Nephrotic Syndrome
5. Which statement by nurses about chronic pyelonephritis indicates a need for follow-up?
A. "Obstruction from renal calculi causes urinary stasis and bacteria growth"
B. "Renal imaging confirms diagnosis showing kidney atrophy and scarring"
C. "Sepsis and abscesses often develop in older adult clients"
D. "Infected urine will backflow into the kidneys due to an anatomic abnormality"*
, This describes reflux nephropathy, not chronic pyelonephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis is from
recurrent infections, obstruction, or reflux, but not always anatomic abnormalities.
Coverage: Renal – Pyelonephritis
6. What type of pain is typically observed in pyelonephritis?
A. Suprapubic pain
B. Flank pain (CVA tenderness)*
C. Lower abdominal pain
D. Groin pain
Pyelonephritis causes flank pain and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness due to kidney
inflammation.
Coverage: Renal – Pyelonephritis
7. What type of AKI is caused by factors that reduce blood flow to the kidneys?
A. Intrinsic
B. Prerenal*
C. Postrenal
D. Intrarenal
Prerenal AKI results from decreased renal perfusion (e.g., heart failure, shock, dehydration).
Coverage: Renal – Acute Kidney Injury
8. Which cells are damaged in nephrotic syndrome?
A. Mesangial cells
B. Podocytes*
C. Endothelial cells
D. Tubular cells
Podocyte damage in the glomeruli increases permeability, causing massive proteinuria.
Coverage: Renal – Nephrotic Syndrome
Questions (Renal, GI, Endocrine, Neuro)
Galen college
Complete NSG 3850 Exam 3 Coverage Summary:
Renal: Acute kidney injury (prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal), chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis,
nephrotic syndrome, pyelonephritis, UTI, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, urinary incontinence
types, electrolyte imbalances, AKI criteria
GI: GERD, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis), IBS, celiac
disease, appendicitis, diverticulitis/diverticulosis, bowel obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis, esophageal varices,
pancreatitis, cholecystitis/cholelithiasis, dumping syndrome, C. difficile
Endocrine: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, DKA, HHS, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism,
thyroid storm, Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, SIADH, diabetes insipidus
Neuro: Increased ICP, stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic), meningitis, seizures, Parkinson's disease,
Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, autonomic dysreflexia, Guillain-Barré syndrome
1. A client has postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis. Which clinical manifestation should
the nurse expect?
A. Urinary hesitancy
B. High glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
C. Hypertension and serum sodium of 129 mEq/L
D. Smokey or coffee-colored urine*
Acute glomerulonephritis causes hematuria (smokey/cola-colored urine), proteinuria,
hypertension, and decreased GFR due to glomerular inflammation.
Coverage: Renal – Glomerulonephritis
2. The nurse is assessing edema in a client with nephrotic syndrome. What causes the
edema?
A. Increased sodium loss leads to third spacing
B. Serum albumin is lost, oncotic pressure decreases, fluids escape to interstitial
space*
,C. Large glucose molecules crowd out other molecules
D. Oncotic pressure increases forcing fluids out
Nephrotic syndrome causes massive proteinuria, leading to hypoalbuminemia, decreased
oncotic pressure, and edema.
Coverage: Renal – Nephrotic Syndrome
3. Which statement indicates correct understanding of urinary incontinence types?
A. "Stress incontinence develops in response to bladder lining irritants"
B. "Pregnancy puts a client at increased risk for urge incontinence"
C. "Neuron demyelination causes a loss of messages to the bladder"*
D. "Functional incontinence occurs due to fecal impaction"
Neurogenic bladder from demyelination (e.g., MS, spinal cord injury) causes incontinence.
Stress incontinence is from increased abdominal pressure; urge is from overactive bladder.
Coverage: Renal – Incontinence
4. A client with nephrotic syndrome has proteinuria. What is the most likely cause?
A. The glomerular membrane has increased permeability causing protein leakage*
B. Glomeruli are damaged by the immune system
C. Renal tubules become clogged with cellular debris
D. Liver becomes overactive and synthesizes more protein
Damage to podocytes increases glomerular membrane permeability, allowing protein
(especially albumin) to leak into urine.
Coverage: Renal – Nephrotic Syndrome
5. Which statement by nurses about chronic pyelonephritis indicates a need for follow-up?
A. "Obstruction from renal calculi causes urinary stasis and bacteria growth"
B. "Renal imaging confirms diagnosis showing kidney atrophy and scarring"
C. "Sepsis and abscesses often develop in older adult clients"
D. "Infected urine will backflow into the kidneys due to an anatomic abnormality"*
, This describes reflux nephropathy, not chronic pyelonephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis is from
recurrent infections, obstruction, or reflux, but not always anatomic abnormalities.
Coverage: Renal – Pyelonephritis
6. What type of pain is typically observed in pyelonephritis?
A. Suprapubic pain
B. Flank pain (CVA tenderness)*
C. Lower abdominal pain
D. Groin pain
Pyelonephritis causes flank pain and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness due to kidney
inflammation.
Coverage: Renal – Pyelonephritis
7. What type of AKI is caused by factors that reduce blood flow to the kidneys?
A. Intrinsic
B. Prerenal*
C. Postrenal
D. Intrarenal
Prerenal AKI results from decreased renal perfusion (e.g., heart failure, shock, dehydration).
Coverage: Renal – Acute Kidney Injury
8. Which cells are damaged in nephrotic syndrome?
A. Mesangial cells
B. Podocytes*
C. Endothelial cells
D. Tubular cells
Podocyte damage in the glomeruli increases permeability, causing massive proteinuria.
Coverage: Renal – Nephrotic Syndrome
