Important literature lectures A – C
Lecture A1
Destination Management:
A company or other entity involved in the business of increasing tourism to a destination or
improving its public image.
Destination: (all are destinations)
• Town
• Relaxation
• Weddings
• Europe – Western Europe – The Netherlands – Amsterdam – Anne Frank House
• Theme parks
Tourism Boards:
Representations of a country.
NBTC > Tourism board of The Netherlands
60% are funded by the government
40% are funded by stakeholders (KLM / van der Valk / attraction parks)
Stakeholders
• Hotels
• Restaurants
• Airports
• Local guides
• Shops
• Business
• Transportation (bus, bike, cruise, train)
• Hand crafts/local products
• Government: Local/National (e.g. city council)
• Venues/attractions: Museums, parks, theatres, zoos, theme parks
• Neighbourhoods (Wijken)
• NGO's
• Communities: e.g., Chinese, Jewish
• Formal/Informal (e.g., Gay, Dance)
Destination Management Companies
• Tourism Boards (e.g. VVV, NBTC)
• DMC's
• Convention & Congress Boards
• National Park Services
• MICE companies (e.g. Granaada)
• Club van elf: Theme Parks
• Embassies (commercial/trade departments)
Activities
• Annual trade shows
• World Travel Show (London)/Berlin
• Vakantiebeurs
• Event (Utrecht), congress and events marketing
• Horecava (Hotels/Restaunts)
• Splash (swimming pools)
• Fietsvakantiebeurs
• Caravan and Camping RAI
Press
• America Magazine
• Selling Advertisments
• Invited on press trips by DM organisations
,Clients/Customers
• FIT (Foreign Independent Traveller)
• Tour operators
• Independent travel groups (e.g. self arranged school visit, stag parties)
• Wholesalers
• NIT (National Independent Traveller)
• Day visitor (not overnight)
• Niche Tourism: Adventure Travel, Agritourism, Geo Tourism/Eco Tourism, Heritage/Cultural
Tourism, Volunteer Tourism, Culinary Tourism,
• Business traveller/congress visitor
DMO‟s have to find new ways to reach their customers and make sure the customer becomes and
remains interested in the destination.
New methods are blogs, twitter, facebook, second life.
Consumer Generated Content (CGC)
Models
• Maslow
• Butler
• Plog
,• Doxey
The level of euphoria - Visitors are welcome and there is little planning
The level of apathy - Visitors are taken for granted and contact becomes more formal
The level of irritation -
The level of antagonism - Open expression of irritation and planning is remedial yet
promotion is increased to offset deteriorating reputation of the resort
The final level – beyond
• Smith & Read – Categories of Tourists
Smith, 1977
Explorer
Elite
Off-beat
Unusual
Incipient mass
Mass
Charter tourist
Read, 1980
“ Real Tourism “
Predicted, by 2000 most tourism will be
Rewarding
Enriching
Adventuresome
Learning experience
, • Cohen
• Porter – Competitive Forces
Application of 5 competitive forces to the Caribbean;
Threat of new entrants – New seaside resorts – e.g. Cuba
Power of suppliers – Air carriers from the USA with flights to Caribbean
Power of buyers – Bargaining power of cruise carriers for mooring
Threat of substitutes – Central America or Canary Islands
Competitive Rivalry – Great competition between destinations (undifferentiated supply,
overcapacity, perishability)
Bringing some approaches together
, • Leiper
Lecture A1
Destination Management:
A company or other entity involved in the business of increasing tourism to a destination or
improving its public image.
Destination: (all are destinations)
• Town
• Relaxation
• Weddings
• Europe – Western Europe – The Netherlands – Amsterdam – Anne Frank House
• Theme parks
Tourism Boards:
Representations of a country.
NBTC > Tourism board of The Netherlands
60% are funded by the government
40% are funded by stakeholders (KLM / van der Valk / attraction parks)
Stakeholders
• Hotels
• Restaurants
• Airports
• Local guides
• Shops
• Business
• Transportation (bus, bike, cruise, train)
• Hand crafts/local products
• Government: Local/National (e.g. city council)
• Venues/attractions: Museums, parks, theatres, zoos, theme parks
• Neighbourhoods (Wijken)
• NGO's
• Communities: e.g., Chinese, Jewish
• Formal/Informal (e.g., Gay, Dance)
Destination Management Companies
• Tourism Boards (e.g. VVV, NBTC)
• DMC's
• Convention & Congress Boards
• National Park Services
• MICE companies (e.g. Granaada)
• Club van elf: Theme Parks
• Embassies (commercial/trade departments)
Activities
• Annual trade shows
• World Travel Show (London)/Berlin
• Vakantiebeurs
• Event (Utrecht), congress and events marketing
• Horecava (Hotels/Restaunts)
• Splash (swimming pools)
• Fietsvakantiebeurs
• Caravan and Camping RAI
Press
• America Magazine
• Selling Advertisments
• Invited on press trips by DM organisations
,Clients/Customers
• FIT (Foreign Independent Traveller)
• Tour operators
• Independent travel groups (e.g. self arranged school visit, stag parties)
• Wholesalers
• NIT (National Independent Traveller)
• Day visitor (not overnight)
• Niche Tourism: Adventure Travel, Agritourism, Geo Tourism/Eco Tourism, Heritage/Cultural
Tourism, Volunteer Tourism, Culinary Tourism,
• Business traveller/congress visitor
DMO‟s have to find new ways to reach their customers and make sure the customer becomes and
remains interested in the destination.
New methods are blogs, twitter, facebook, second life.
Consumer Generated Content (CGC)
Models
• Maslow
• Butler
• Plog
,• Doxey
The level of euphoria - Visitors are welcome and there is little planning
The level of apathy - Visitors are taken for granted and contact becomes more formal
The level of irritation -
The level of antagonism - Open expression of irritation and planning is remedial yet
promotion is increased to offset deteriorating reputation of the resort
The final level – beyond
• Smith & Read – Categories of Tourists
Smith, 1977
Explorer
Elite
Off-beat
Unusual
Incipient mass
Mass
Charter tourist
Read, 1980
“ Real Tourism “
Predicted, by 2000 most tourism will be
Rewarding
Enriching
Adventuresome
Learning experience
, • Cohen
• Porter – Competitive Forces
Application of 5 competitive forces to the Caribbean;
Threat of new entrants – New seaside resorts – e.g. Cuba
Power of suppliers – Air carriers from the USA with flights to Caribbean
Power of buyers – Bargaining power of cruise carriers for mooring
Threat of substitutes – Central America or Canary Islands
Competitive Rivalry – Great competition between destinations (undifferentiated supply,
overcapacity, perishability)
Bringing some approaches together
, • Leiper
