NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology GI & Diabetes Management
Exam 1 | Wilkes University 2026 | Questions & Verified Answers
| Latest Update | Graded A+
1. What bacterium is primarily associated with causing Peptic Ulcer Disease
(PUD)?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori
Escherichia coli
Clostridium difficile
2. What are the goals of treatment for diabetes?
To check blood glucose once a day.
To prevent or delay complications and maintain quality of life
To cure diabetes
To maintain fasting blood glucose levels of 180-200
3. In the community setting how long should self-care with OTC meds for GERD
be limited to?
treat OTC indefinitely
3-4 days
1 week
2 weeks
4. What is the primary reason for understanding medication interactions in the
treatment of gastrointestinal conditions?
, To avoid adverse effects and ensure the effectiveness of treatment
regimens.
To eliminate the need for monitoring.
To simplify the treatment process.
To increase the dosage of medications.
5. Which of the following diet modifications is recommended to manage GERD
symptoms?
Elevate the head of the bed
All the above
Eating smaller more frequent meals
Avoid trigger foods
6. Monitoring a patient's hemoglobin A1c every ______ months, until patient is
well-controlled on an established regimen, allows us to gauge their long-
term blood glucose control. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) states
the HgbA1c goal as _______ _.
6 months, less than 7%
3 months, less than 7%
12 months, less than 6%
6 months, less than 6%
7. If a patient with diabetes is consistently experiencing high blood glucose
levels, what should be the primary focus of their treatment plan?
Adjusting their medication and lifestyle to maintain blood glucose
levels within target ranges.
Encouraging them to stop all medications.
, Focusing solely on weight loss without addressing blood glucose.
Increasing their carbohydrate intake significantly.
8. Describe the potential causes of chronic diarrhea as mentioned in the
context of gastrointestinal conditions.
Chronic diarrhea is only associated with medication side effects.
Chronic diarrhea can be caused by conditions like inflammatory
bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
Chronic diarrhea is caused solely by dietary factors.
Chronic diarrhea is primarily due to infections.
9. What is the therapeutic action of the antidiabetic agent type,
thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?
Increase muscle, liver and adipose tissue sensitivity to insulin
Stimulate the release of insulin from functioning pancreatic beta-cells
Prolong gastric emptying and reduce glucagon secretion after a meal
Exert similar effects to GLP-1
10. For GERD, what agent would you recommend for a patient seeking relief
from frequent GERD but is non-responsive to H2 blockers?
H-2 blockers
PPIs
Antacids
11. Describe how increased intra-abdominal pressure from obesity affects the
lower esophageal sphincter.
, Increased intra-abdominal pressure has no effect on the lower
esophageal sphincter.
Increased intra-abdominal pressure decreases gastric acid
production, reducing reflux.
Increased intra-abdominal pressure enhances the function of the
lower esophageal sphincter, preventing reflux.
Increased intra-abdominal pressure can lead to lower esophageal
sphincter dysfunction, which allows for increased reflux.
12. Which of the following is most important to monitor closely when managing
diabetes?
Cholesterol
Blood sugar
Sodium
Blood pressure
13. Which of the following is a contraindication to metformin use?
Estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <30 mL/min/1.73 m2
Morbid obesity
Obesity
History of hypoglycemia
History of pancreatitis
14. Which symptoms of GERD would be a cause for alarm and further work-up
of the patient?
Belching
Exam 1 | Wilkes University 2026 | Questions & Verified Answers
| Latest Update | Graded A+
1. What bacterium is primarily associated with causing Peptic Ulcer Disease
(PUD)?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori
Escherichia coli
Clostridium difficile
2. What are the goals of treatment for diabetes?
To check blood glucose once a day.
To prevent or delay complications and maintain quality of life
To cure diabetes
To maintain fasting blood glucose levels of 180-200
3. In the community setting how long should self-care with OTC meds for GERD
be limited to?
treat OTC indefinitely
3-4 days
1 week
2 weeks
4. What is the primary reason for understanding medication interactions in the
treatment of gastrointestinal conditions?
, To avoid adverse effects and ensure the effectiveness of treatment
regimens.
To eliminate the need for monitoring.
To simplify the treatment process.
To increase the dosage of medications.
5. Which of the following diet modifications is recommended to manage GERD
symptoms?
Elevate the head of the bed
All the above
Eating smaller more frequent meals
Avoid trigger foods
6. Monitoring a patient's hemoglobin A1c every ______ months, until patient is
well-controlled on an established regimen, allows us to gauge their long-
term blood glucose control. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) states
the HgbA1c goal as _______ _.
6 months, less than 7%
3 months, less than 7%
12 months, less than 6%
6 months, less than 6%
7. If a patient with diabetes is consistently experiencing high blood glucose
levels, what should be the primary focus of their treatment plan?
Adjusting their medication and lifestyle to maintain blood glucose
levels within target ranges.
Encouraging them to stop all medications.
, Focusing solely on weight loss without addressing blood glucose.
Increasing their carbohydrate intake significantly.
8. Describe the potential causes of chronic diarrhea as mentioned in the
context of gastrointestinal conditions.
Chronic diarrhea is only associated with medication side effects.
Chronic diarrhea can be caused by conditions like inflammatory
bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
Chronic diarrhea is caused solely by dietary factors.
Chronic diarrhea is primarily due to infections.
9. What is the therapeutic action of the antidiabetic agent type,
thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?
Increase muscle, liver and adipose tissue sensitivity to insulin
Stimulate the release of insulin from functioning pancreatic beta-cells
Prolong gastric emptying and reduce glucagon secretion after a meal
Exert similar effects to GLP-1
10. For GERD, what agent would you recommend for a patient seeking relief
from frequent GERD but is non-responsive to H2 blockers?
H-2 blockers
PPIs
Antacids
11. Describe how increased intra-abdominal pressure from obesity affects the
lower esophageal sphincter.
, Increased intra-abdominal pressure has no effect on the lower
esophageal sphincter.
Increased intra-abdominal pressure decreases gastric acid
production, reducing reflux.
Increased intra-abdominal pressure enhances the function of the
lower esophageal sphincter, preventing reflux.
Increased intra-abdominal pressure can lead to lower esophageal
sphincter dysfunction, which allows for increased reflux.
12. Which of the following is most important to monitor closely when managing
diabetes?
Cholesterol
Blood sugar
Sodium
Blood pressure
13. Which of the following is a contraindication to metformin use?
Estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <30 mL/min/1.73 m2
Morbid obesity
Obesity
History of hypoglycemia
History of pancreatitis
14. Which symptoms of GERD would be a cause for alarm and further work-up
of the patient?
Belching
