Public International Law
Hoorcollege week 1
International law affects our daily lives
What are the rules
Sources international law: Eu treaties, relegations
EU-law is regional law of the European states but also international law
Different types of agreements
Definitions in international law mean different things then in domestic law
Domestic subjects: natural persons and legal persons
International law subjects: states are the primary subjects they have rights and obligations
and create international law. Individuals also have rights from international law. You can sue
the Netherlands. You also have obligations
Jurisdiction: rechtsmacht heeft betrekking op het terrein waarover staten en hun organen
bevoegd zijn regels te stellen. Staten hebben op grond van hun soevereiniteit rechtsmacht
over hun grondgebied en hun onderdanen
Immunity: a state being immune
States have rights and obligations
When is a state responsible and what happens afterwards
How can states use their force
The main sources of international law are treaties and customary law
Public international law concerns the relationships between public persons or states
Private international law concerns the relationships between private persons
International law determines politics
Er zijn 3 manieren waar internationaal recht tot herleid kan worden
1. Landen kunnen regels opstellen en daar verdragen van maken
2. Regels kunnen ook ontstaan door gebruik en gewoonte
3. Regels kunnen worden herleid tot uitspraken van gezaghebbende internationale
rechters
International is different from domestic law
Evolution
Logic of international law comes from old times
How they treated intruders
Need to regulate relationships with other states
- Pre-Greek civilisations
Before 2100 B.C
Treaty between Lagash and Mesopotamia
Settlement of disputes through arbitration
- Ancient Greek and roman times
Origin of certain principles and customs
,- Late Middle Ages
Multiple levels of different allegiances, right, obligations, universal political and
religious forces
The pope had quite some influence but also the networks of knights and merchants
Populations often felt closer to these communities than to their fellow nationals
Catholic church
First international institutions
Natural law (universeel recht) was in this time applied to individuals and the relations
between them
Pope’s gradual loss of power
- Colonialism
Freedom of high seas
Natural law came as an argument against colonialism
- 17th and 18th century
a clearer distinction between natural law and law between states
international law was systemized by Grotius
1648 Peace of Wesphalia: brought an end to the Thirty years Was
With the peace treaties the major European powers wanted to create an international order
derived from agreed rules
Turning point: sovereign states are the primary actors in the international system and that
they all enjoy equal legal status as well as protection from outside intervention
The international society is a society of individual sovereign states of equal importance
Where national law falls short, international law enters the picture
Supplement to national law
- 19th century
positivism vs natural law
Positivism: you think that there is a rule, and you respect the rule
True source of law was not morality, but state will
State consent was very important
States could express their will in a treaty of customary practices
There is no universal legal system but there is a legal system fragmented in which states are
bound by different legal obligations
- 20th and 21st century
Corporation between states to keep the peace and prevent war
States need to see the benefit
Decolonisation: equal states
Berlin wall: first agreements UN
- Banned use of force
- Authorize forceful measures
, - General assembly where all members are represented and can express their concerns
- International court of justice
- NATO: mutual defence in the event of an attack by an external actor
The forming of The European Union with important institutions
Human rights protection
More security new fase
9/11 challenges international law
How do you respond not coming necessarily from a state
Populism: against state direct attack
Withdrawal from international states
State consent ziet op vrijwillige goedkeuring aan internationale regels door staten
Landen geven iets van vrijheid op door zichzelf aan internationaal recht te binden om hier
voordeel uit te halen
Relationship between national and international law
Monism: a single and coherent legal system
International law directly applicable in national legal system
No conflict
Applies directly in the domestic law
Dualism: they need to adopt a new law in the parliament to make the new law binding
Pluralism: states have different constitutional engagements. Both elements from monism
and dualism
Why do we have international law
Inadequacy of national law
Dependency of international community
Reasons why rules exist
IL kan een rol spelen op 2 manieren
1. Er kan iets gebeurenwaar verschillende landen belangen bij hebben. De inhoud van
het onderwerp geeft het dan een internationaal karakter international law of
coexistence
Coexistence
Need to meet and agree about these rules
They share the planet together
Air travel
Telecommunications
Trade
Use of sea
Creation of states
Treatment of ambassadors
2. Landen kunnen een gemeenschappelijk doel hebben waarbij ze kiezen voor gebruik
van de vorm van IL om dit samen aan te pakken door een verdrag met elkaar te
sluiten international law of cooperation
Cooperation
Prohibition on the use of force
Hoorcollege week 1
International law affects our daily lives
What are the rules
Sources international law: Eu treaties, relegations
EU-law is regional law of the European states but also international law
Different types of agreements
Definitions in international law mean different things then in domestic law
Domestic subjects: natural persons and legal persons
International law subjects: states are the primary subjects they have rights and obligations
and create international law. Individuals also have rights from international law. You can sue
the Netherlands. You also have obligations
Jurisdiction: rechtsmacht heeft betrekking op het terrein waarover staten en hun organen
bevoegd zijn regels te stellen. Staten hebben op grond van hun soevereiniteit rechtsmacht
over hun grondgebied en hun onderdanen
Immunity: a state being immune
States have rights and obligations
When is a state responsible and what happens afterwards
How can states use their force
The main sources of international law are treaties and customary law
Public international law concerns the relationships between public persons or states
Private international law concerns the relationships between private persons
International law determines politics
Er zijn 3 manieren waar internationaal recht tot herleid kan worden
1. Landen kunnen regels opstellen en daar verdragen van maken
2. Regels kunnen ook ontstaan door gebruik en gewoonte
3. Regels kunnen worden herleid tot uitspraken van gezaghebbende internationale
rechters
International is different from domestic law
Evolution
Logic of international law comes from old times
How they treated intruders
Need to regulate relationships with other states
- Pre-Greek civilisations
Before 2100 B.C
Treaty between Lagash and Mesopotamia
Settlement of disputes through arbitration
- Ancient Greek and roman times
Origin of certain principles and customs
,- Late Middle Ages
Multiple levels of different allegiances, right, obligations, universal political and
religious forces
The pope had quite some influence but also the networks of knights and merchants
Populations often felt closer to these communities than to their fellow nationals
Catholic church
First international institutions
Natural law (universeel recht) was in this time applied to individuals and the relations
between them
Pope’s gradual loss of power
- Colonialism
Freedom of high seas
Natural law came as an argument against colonialism
- 17th and 18th century
a clearer distinction between natural law and law between states
international law was systemized by Grotius
1648 Peace of Wesphalia: brought an end to the Thirty years Was
With the peace treaties the major European powers wanted to create an international order
derived from agreed rules
Turning point: sovereign states are the primary actors in the international system and that
they all enjoy equal legal status as well as protection from outside intervention
The international society is a society of individual sovereign states of equal importance
Where national law falls short, international law enters the picture
Supplement to national law
- 19th century
positivism vs natural law
Positivism: you think that there is a rule, and you respect the rule
True source of law was not morality, but state will
State consent was very important
States could express their will in a treaty of customary practices
There is no universal legal system but there is a legal system fragmented in which states are
bound by different legal obligations
- 20th and 21st century
Corporation between states to keep the peace and prevent war
States need to see the benefit
Decolonisation: equal states
Berlin wall: first agreements UN
- Banned use of force
- Authorize forceful measures
, - General assembly where all members are represented and can express their concerns
- International court of justice
- NATO: mutual defence in the event of an attack by an external actor
The forming of The European Union with important institutions
Human rights protection
More security new fase
9/11 challenges international law
How do you respond not coming necessarily from a state
Populism: against state direct attack
Withdrawal from international states
State consent ziet op vrijwillige goedkeuring aan internationale regels door staten
Landen geven iets van vrijheid op door zichzelf aan internationaal recht te binden om hier
voordeel uit te halen
Relationship between national and international law
Monism: a single and coherent legal system
International law directly applicable in national legal system
No conflict
Applies directly in the domestic law
Dualism: they need to adopt a new law in the parliament to make the new law binding
Pluralism: states have different constitutional engagements. Both elements from monism
and dualism
Why do we have international law
Inadequacy of national law
Dependency of international community
Reasons why rules exist
IL kan een rol spelen op 2 manieren
1. Er kan iets gebeurenwaar verschillende landen belangen bij hebben. De inhoud van
het onderwerp geeft het dan een internationaal karakter international law of
coexistence
Coexistence
Need to meet and agree about these rules
They share the planet together
Air travel
Telecommunications
Trade
Use of sea
Creation of states
Treatment of ambassadors
2. Landen kunnen een gemeenschappelijk doel hebben waarbij ze kiezen voor gebruik
van de vorm van IL om dit samen aan te pakken door een verdrag met elkaar te
sluiten international law of cooperation
Cooperation
Prohibition on the use of force
