NSG 320 FINAL EXAM 2026 WEST
VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY (WVU) ACTUAL
SPRING SUMMER SEMESTER GRADED A
Fruity breath, Kussmaul respirations
What are 2 common symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?
HbA1c (6-7 = controlled)
What is the most accurate lab value for controlled diabetes?
Cold and clammy, need some candy
What is the saying associated with hypoglycemia?
Hot and dry, sugar is high
What is the saying associated with hyperglycemia?
If the client is alert and has a BS of <70, give 15g of carbs. Recheck BS 15
minutes later and repeat until sugar above 70
What is the rule of 15?
Onset: 10-30 minutes
Peak: 30 minutes - 3 hours
Duration: 3-5 hours
Lispro onset, peak, and duration
Onset: 30 min - 1 hour
Peak: 2-5 hours
Duration: 5-8 hours
Regular insulin (Humulin) onset, peak, and duration
,Onset: 1.4-4 hours
Peak: 4-12 hours
Duration: 12-18 hours
NPH onset, peak, and duration
Onset: 1-4 hours
Peak: N/A
Duration: 24 hours
Glargine onset, peak, and duration
Somogyi effect. Decrease nighttime insulin or give a bed time snack
What is the term for too much insulin at nighttime, causing rebound hyperglycemia in
the morning (BS would be low at 3am)? What are the interventions?
Dawn phenomenon. Increase night time insulin
What is the term for hyperglycemia in the morning due to increased growth hormone
(BS would be high at 3am)? What are the interventions?
Metformin
First-line treatment for DMT2?
126
Fasting BS above what value indicates diabetes?
Hashimotos
Autoimmune disorder where a client's body attacks the thyroid gland
Graves disease
MC type of hyperthyroidism
, Goiter (Radioactive iodine therapy or thyrectomy)
Exophthalmos (Raise HOB)
Weight loss (Due to increased peristalsis. Increase calories)
What are common S/S of grave's disease?
3.5-5
What are normal potassium levels?
Potassium
What electrolyte is associated with cardiac issues?
136-145
What are normal sodium levels?
Seizures
Changes in sodium levels associated with what risk?
Calcium, phosphate
What two electrolytes have an inverse relationship?
9-10.5
What are normal calcium levels?
Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia
What electrolyte changes are associated with Chvostek and Trousseau sign?
Chvostek sign
Touching face near the ear causing a client to have a face twitch
Trousseau sign
Increasing BP to above normal systolic causes pointer finger to touch thumb
3-4.5
VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY (WVU) ACTUAL
SPRING SUMMER SEMESTER GRADED A
Fruity breath, Kussmaul respirations
What are 2 common symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?
HbA1c (6-7 = controlled)
What is the most accurate lab value for controlled diabetes?
Cold and clammy, need some candy
What is the saying associated with hypoglycemia?
Hot and dry, sugar is high
What is the saying associated with hyperglycemia?
If the client is alert and has a BS of <70, give 15g of carbs. Recheck BS 15
minutes later and repeat until sugar above 70
What is the rule of 15?
Onset: 10-30 minutes
Peak: 30 minutes - 3 hours
Duration: 3-5 hours
Lispro onset, peak, and duration
Onset: 30 min - 1 hour
Peak: 2-5 hours
Duration: 5-8 hours
Regular insulin (Humulin) onset, peak, and duration
,Onset: 1.4-4 hours
Peak: 4-12 hours
Duration: 12-18 hours
NPH onset, peak, and duration
Onset: 1-4 hours
Peak: N/A
Duration: 24 hours
Glargine onset, peak, and duration
Somogyi effect. Decrease nighttime insulin or give a bed time snack
What is the term for too much insulin at nighttime, causing rebound hyperglycemia in
the morning (BS would be low at 3am)? What are the interventions?
Dawn phenomenon. Increase night time insulin
What is the term for hyperglycemia in the morning due to increased growth hormone
(BS would be high at 3am)? What are the interventions?
Metformin
First-line treatment for DMT2?
126
Fasting BS above what value indicates diabetes?
Hashimotos
Autoimmune disorder where a client's body attacks the thyroid gland
Graves disease
MC type of hyperthyroidism
, Goiter (Radioactive iodine therapy or thyrectomy)
Exophthalmos (Raise HOB)
Weight loss (Due to increased peristalsis. Increase calories)
What are common S/S of grave's disease?
3.5-5
What are normal potassium levels?
Potassium
What electrolyte is associated with cardiac issues?
136-145
What are normal sodium levels?
Seizures
Changes in sodium levels associated with what risk?
Calcium, phosphate
What two electrolytes have an inverse relationship?
9-10.5
What are normal calcium levels?
Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia
What electrolyte changes are associated with Chvostek and Trousseau sign?
Chvostek sign
Touching face near the ear causing a client to have a face twitch
Trousseau sign
Increasing BP to above normal systolic causes pointer finger to touch thumb
3-4.5
