NSG 312 Final Exam 2026-27 Latest
Spring-Summer West Virginia University
(WVU) Alterations in Adult Health 2
Graded A
Subjective Data
information/symptoms the patient reports
Objective Data
information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer; measurable signs
Primary Source of Information
information obtained directly from the patient
Secondary Source of Information
information obtained from sources other than the patient such as medical records and
the patient's family
The Nursing Process
assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning/outcomes, implementation, evaluation;
continuous repeating process
Normal Blood Pressure Reading
less than 120/80
Hypertensive Blood Pressure Reading
blood pressure reading consistently over 140/90
Orthostatic Hypotensive Reading
, 15-20 mmHg drop is systolic blood pressure or a 10 mmHg drop in diastolic blood
pressure or increased heart rate
Estimating Systolic Blood Pressure
locate the brachial pulse, place the cuff snuggly with the arm at heart level; palpate the
brachial pulse and inflate the cuff; when pulse disappears, pump 30 mmHg more, slowly
turn the valve counterclockwise to release air; feel for the pulse to reappear (estimated
SBP); deflate the cuff fully; when you begin to take the BP, re-inflate the cuff 30 mmHG
above where the pulse disappeared
Components of the General Survey: Physical Appearance
overall appearance: appears stated age, symmetry, looks well or ill/healthy or
unhealthy; hygiene and dress: clothing, hair, nails, skin cleanliness, odors (breath &
body), appropriateness of dress/clothing; skin color: pink, pallor, cyanosis, jaundice,
even/uneven tone, rash, injury, bruises; body structure & development:
physical/sexual development consistent with age, obese, overweight, underweight,
height in r/t to age, barrel chest, joint abnormalities, posture
Components of the General Survey: Mobility
Posture: the position in which someone holds their body when standing or
sitting; Range of Motion: ability to move extremities, limitations to movement, joint
problems; Gait: coordination, tremors, involuntary movements, balance, steadiness,
ability to ambulate, use assistive devices
Components of the General Survey: Behavior
Mood & Affect: animated or flat, appropriate to situation; Cooperative: yes or
no; Speech: clear, articulate, appropriate words, fluency in language,
Spring-Summer West Virginia University
(WVU) Alterations in Adult Health 2
Graded A
Subjective Data
information/symptoms the patient reports
Objective Data
information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer; measurable signs
Primary Source of Information
information obtained directly from the patient
Secondary Source of Information
information obtained from sources other than the patient such as medical records and
the patient's family
The Nursing Process
assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning/outcomes, implementation, evaluation;
continuous repeating process
Normal Blood Pressure Reading
less than 120/80
Hypertensive Blood Pressure Reading
blood pressure reading consistently over 140/90
Orthostatic Hypotensive Reading
, 15-20 mmHg drop is systolic blood pressure or a 10 mmHg drop in diastolic blood
pressure or increased heart rate
Estimating Systolic Blood Pressure
locate the brachial pulse, place the cuff snuggly with the arm at heart level; palpate the
brachial pulse and inflate the cuff; when pulse disappears, pump 30 mmHg more, slowly
turn the valve counterclockwise to release air; feel for the pulse to reappear (estimated
SBP); deflate the cuff fully; when you begin to take the BP, re-inflate the cuff 30 mmHG
above where the pulse disappeared
Components of the General Survey: Physical Appearance
overall appearance: appears stated age, symmetry, looks well or ill/healthy or
unhealthy; hygiene and dress: clothing, hair, nails, skin cleanliness, odors (breath &
body), appropriateness of dress/clothing; skin color: pink, pallor, cyanosis, jaundice,
even/uneven tone, rash, injury, bruises; body structure & development:
physical/sexual development consistent with age, obese, overweight, underweight,
height in r/t to age, barrel chest, joint abnormalities, posture
Components of the General Survey: Mobility
Posture: the position in which someone holds their body when standing or
sitting; Range of Motion: ability to move extremities, limitations to movement, joint
problems; Gait: coordination, tremors, involuntary movements, balance, steadiness,
ability to ambulate, use assistive devices
Components of the General Survey: Behavior
Mood & Affect: animated or flat, appropriate to situation; Cooperative: yes or
no; Speech: clear, articulate, appropriate words, fluency in language,
