NAMS LATEST 2026 EXAMINATION TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Aromatics inhibitors (bone resorption), vitamin D impairment (phenytoin),
glucocorticoid (reduce bone formation) - ✔✔Drugs that increase risk low bmd
✔✔Hip - ✔✔Area of low BMD most correlated with fracture
✔✔Medications Gonadotropin - releasing Excessive thyroxine doses Cytotoxic agents
.Aromatase inhibitors Table 1. Secondary Causes of Bone Loss hormone agonists or
analogs .Heparin Immunosuppressives ( eg , cyclosporine ) Oral or intramuscular . Long
- term use of certain Intramuscular medroxyprogesterone anticonvulsants ( eg ,
phenytoin ) use of glucocorticoids for > 3 mo Genetic disorders Hemochromatosis
Hypophosphatasia . Osteogenesis imperfecta .Thalassemia Disorders of calcium
balance Hypercalciuria Vitamin D deficiency Endocrinopathies Cortisol excess Cushing
syndrome Gonadal insufficiency ( primary and secondary ) Hyperthyroidism .Primary
hyperparathyroidism Type 1 diabetes mellitus Gastrointestinal diseases .Billroth I
gastroenterostomy Chronic liver disease ( eg , primary biliary cirrhosis ) Malabsorption
syndromes ( eg , celiac disease , Crohn disease ) Total gastrectomy Other disorders
and conditions Ankylosi - ✔✔Secondary causes of bone loss
✔✔10 year probably, post menopausal 40-90, divided in 4 ethnicity - ✔✔
✔✔History of fragility fracture, =>65, medical causes of bone loss - ✔✔Nams indication
for bmd in all post menopausal with the following
✔✔Weight less than 127 or bmi less than 21, history if hip fracture in parent, current
smoker, RA, >2 units of alcohol per day. - ✔✔Nams indicates bmd with DExa for
younger post meno women with
✔✔Loss of peak bone mass and bone loss related to estrogen deficiency and age in
healthy post meno woman - ✔✔primary osteoporosis
✔✔Caused by diseases or drugs - ✔✔secondary osteoporosis
✔✔Young adult with low bmd and fracture with no cause - ✔✔idiopathic osteoporosis
✔✔Inherited, brittle bone disease, signs blue sclera and joint laxity - ✔✔osteogenesis
imperfecta
✔✔<100 - ✔✔poor calcium absorption
✔✔> 250 - ✔✔Hypercalcuria
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Aromatics inhibitors (bone resorption), vitamin D impairment (phenytoin),
glucocorticoid (reduce bone formation) - ✔✔Drugs that increase risk low bmd
✔✔Hip - ✔✔Area of low BMD most correlated with fracture
✔✔Medications Gonadotropin - releasing Excessive thyroxine doses Cytotoxic agents
.Aromatase inhibitors Table 1. Secondary Causes of Bone Loss hormone agonists or
analogs .Heparin Immunosuppressives ( eg , cyclosporine ) Oral or intramuscular . Long
- term use of certain Intramuscular medroxyprogesterone anticonvulsants ( eg ,
phenytoin ) use of glucocorticoids for > 3 mo Genetic disorders Hemochromatosis
Hypophosphatasia . Osteogenesis imperfecta .Thalassemia Disorders of calcium
balance Hypercalciuria Vitamin D deficiency Endocrinopathies Cortisol excess Cushing
syndrome Gonadal insufficiency ( primary and secondary ) Hyperthyroidism .Primary
hyperparathyroidism Type 1 diabetes mellitus Gastrointestinal diseases .Billroth I
gastroenterostomy Chronic liver disease ( eg , primary biliary cirrhosis ) Malabsorption
syndromes ( eg , celiac disease , Crohn disease ) Total gastrectomy Other disorders
and conditions Ankylosi - ✔✔Secondary causes of bone loss
✔✔10 year probably, post menopausal 40-90, divided in 4 ethnicity - ✔✔
✔✔History of fragility fracture, =>65, medical causes of bone loss - ✔✔Nams indication
for bmd in all post menopausal with the following
✔✔Weight less than 127 or bmi less than 21, history if hip fracture in parent, current
smoker, RA, >2 units of alcohol per day. - ✔✔Nams indicates bmd with DExa for
younger post meno women with
✔✔Loss of peak bone mass and bone loss related to estrogen deficiency and age in
healthy post meno woman - ✔✔primary osteoporosis
✔✔Caused by diseases or drugs - ✔✔secondary osteoporosis
✔✔Young adult with low bmd and fracture with no cause - ✔✔idiopathic osteoporosis
✔✔Inherited, brittle bone disease, signs blue sclera and joint laxity - ✔✔osteogenesis
imperfecta
✔✔<100 - ✔✔poor calcium absorption
✔✔> 250 - ✔✔Hypercalcuria
