CETP LATEST 2026 GUIDE EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔vagus nerve - ✔✔SLN- (internal) sensory info to larynx, swallow trigger (external)
motor control of cricothyroid
RLN- sensory below the larynx, motor control of all other intrinsic muscles of larynx,
often damaged in cardiac surgery (total or partial paralysis of vfs)
Pharyngeal branch- motor control of pharyngeal constrictors, muscles of the velum,
opens UES (except tensor veli palatini)
✔✔accessory nerve - ✔✔motor control to sternocelidomastoid, neck
✔✔Hypoglossal nerve - ✔✔-motor control of all intrinsic muscles of tongue, all extrinsic
muscles (except palatoglossus, which is vagus controlled, pharyngeal branch)
-damage= paralysis of tongue or tongue and swallowing problems
✔✔angular gyrus - ✔✔translates writing into speech, important in reading and writing
✔✔Heschl's gyrus - ✔✔primary auditory cortex
✔✔pyramidal system - ✔✔direct motor pathway
voluntary control
-corticospinal tract
-corticobulbar tract (ends in brainstem, CRITICAL for speech, controls all voluntary
muscles for speech)
-divided into UMN and LMN
✔✔extrapyramidal system - ✔✔indirect motor pathway
-supports fine movements of the pyramidal system
-red nucleus, substania nigra, basal ganglia
influences LMN, but not directly linked
✔✔PLATE for CUP - ✔✔semantic paraphasia
✔✔TUP for CUP - ✔✔phonemic paraphasia
✔✔SKEEN for CUP - ✔✔neologism
✔✔agrammatic speech - ✔✔Speaking in a grammatically incorrect fashion; omission of
function words; nonfluent (common in Broca's)
✔✔Broca's area location - ✔✔posterior, inferior frontal gyrus, LH (Brodmann 44, 45)
✔✔Wernicke's area location - ✔✔superior temporal gyrus, LH (Brodmann 22)
, ✔✔ICF model - ✔✔International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
✔✔ICF model components - ✔✔body/function
activity/participation
environment/personal factors
✔✔discourse Ax tasks - ✔✔cookie theft, Correct Information Units (CIU), tell a story
✔✔Cognitive ability Ax - ✔✔CLQT, SSCAN
✔✔treatment for naming problems - ✔✔Semantic Feature Analysis
phonetic/syllabic cues, personal cues
✔✔treatment for expanding utterances - ✔✔-Response Elaboration Training (RET)
-Promoting Aphasics Communication Effectiveness (PACE)
-Script training
-Conversational coaching
✔✔treatment for reading skills - ✔✔ORLA
SQ3R
MMOR
ARCS
✔✔surface alexia - ✔✔easy reading words that are spelled how they sound, but trouble
with irregular worlds (yacht, colonel)
can read non words, sound them out
✔✔deep alexia - ✔✔Semantic mix ups, reading bread--> thinking food
good at reading familiar words, but not unfamiliar
cant sound out nonwords
✔✔letter by letter alexia - ✔✔reader cannot recognize words as a whole object and
must assemble them from their parts
aka pure alexia
✔✔Rancho Los Amigos Scale - ✔✔I. No Response
II. Generalized Response
III. Localized Response
IV. Confused-Agitated
V. Confused-Inappropriate, Non-Agitated
VI. Confused-Appropriate
VII. Automatic-Appropriate
VIII. Purposeful-Appropriate
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔vagus nerve - ✔✔SLN- (internal) sensory info to larynx, swallow trigger (external)
motor control of cricothyroid
RLN- sensory below the larynx, motor control of all other intrinsic muscles of larynx,
often damaged in cardiac surgery (total or partial paralysis of vfs)
Pharyngeal branch- motor control of pharyngeal constrictors, muscles of the velum,
opens UES (except tensor veli palatini)
✔✔accessory nerve - ✔✔motor control to sternocelidomastoid, neck
✔✔Hypoglossal nerve - ✔✔-motor control of all intrinsic muscles of tongue, all extrinsic
muscles (except palatoglossus, which is vagus controlled, pharyngeal branch)
-damage= paralysis of tongue or tongue and swallowing problems
✔✔angular gyrus - ✔✔translates writing into speech, important in reading and writing
✔✔Heschl's gyrus - ✔✔primary auditory cortex
✔✔pyramidal system - ✔✔direct motor pathway
voluntary control
-corticospinal tract
-corticobulbar tract (ends in brainstem, CRITICAL for speech, controls all voluntary
muscles for speech)
-divided into UMN and LMN
✔✔extrapyramidal system - ✔✔indirect motor pathway
-supports fine movements of the pyramidal system
-red nucleus, substania nigra, basal ganglia
influences LMN, but not directly linked
✔✔PLATE for CUP - ✔✔semantic paraphasia
✔✔TUP for CUP - ✔✔phonemic paraphasia
✔✔SKEEN for CUP - ✔✔neologism
✔✔agrammatic speech - ✔✔Speaking in a grammatically incorrect fashion; omission of
function words; nonfluent (common in Broca's)
✔✔Broca's area location - ✔✔posterior, inferior frontal gyrus, LH (Brodmann 44, 45)
✔✔Wernicke's area location - ✔✔superior temporal gyrus, LH (Brodmann 22)
, ✔✔ICF model - ✔✔International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
✔✔ICF model components - ✔✔body/function
activity/participation
environment/personal factors
✔✔discourse Ax tasks - ✔✔cookie theft, Correct Information Units (CIU), tell a story
✔✔Cognitive ability Ax - ✔✔CLQT, SSCAN
✔✔treatment for naming problems - ✔✔Semantic Feature Analysis
phonetic/syllabic cues, personal cues
✔✔treatment for expanding utterances - ✔✔-Response Elaboration Training (RET)
-Promoting Aphasics Communication Effectiveness (PACE)
-Script training
-Conversational coaching
✔✔treatment for reading skills - ✔✔ORLA
SQ3R
MMOR
ARCS
✔✔surface alexia - ✔✔easy reading words that are spelled how they sound, but trouble
with irregular worlds (yacht, colonel)
can read non words, sound them out
✔✔deep alexia - ✔✔Semantic mix ups, reading bread--> thinking food
good at reading familiar words, but not unfamiliar
cant sound out nonwords
✔✔letter by letter alexia - ✔✔reader cannot recognize words as a whole object and
must assemble them from their parts
aka pure alexia
✔✔Rancho Los Amigos Scale - ✔✔I. No Response
II. Generalized Response
III. Localized Response
IV. Confused-Agitated
V. Confused-Inappropriate, Non-Agitated
VI. Confused-Appropriate
VII. Automatic-Appropriate
VIII. Purposeful-Appropriate
