BIO 213 FINAL EXAM 2026
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS COMPLETE
BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW AND
STUDY GUIDE FOR COLLEGE EXAM
PREPARATION
Mechanoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -Compression, bending, stitching
of cells, touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing, balance
Chemoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -smell and taste
thermoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -temperature
photoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -light: vision
Nociceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -pain
Proprioceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -associated with joints and tendons
Ascending Pathways - CORRECT ANSWER -• Anterolateral system
,• Dorsal column
• Spinocerebellar
Descending Pathways - CORRECT ANSWER -• Direct pathways (pyramidal
system)
- Maintenance of muscle tone
- Dexterity
• Indirect pathways (extrapyramidal system)
- Less precise movements
- Posture
Speech areas of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER -- Wernicke's area: sensory
speech- understanding what is heard and thinking of what one will say
- Broca's area: motor speech- sending messages to the appropriate muscles
to actually make the sounds
- Arcuate fasciculus: connects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
- Aphasia: absent or defective speech or language comprehension. Caused
by lesion somewhere in the auditory/speech pathway
Odorant - CORRECT ANSWER -airborne molecules responsible for odors
7 different odors - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Camphoraceous (mothballs)
2. Musky
3. Floral
4. Pepperminty
, 5. Ethereal (e.g., fresh pears)
6. Pungent
7. Putrid
Olfaction - CORRECT ANSWER -Chemoreceptors contain cilia that are
embedded in the mucus layer of olfactory epithelium
•Odorants dissolve in the mucus layer and attach to cilia
•One chemoreceptor may respond to more than one type of odor
•Olfactory epithelium and olfactory neurons are replaced by basal cells
every two months
Taste - CORRECT ANSWER -That is a common misconception, but those
bumps are actually papillae (pă-pil′ē). Most taste buds are located along the
edges of those papillae. However, taste buds are also located on other areas
of the tongue, the palate, and even the lips and throat, especially in
children. The four major types of papillae are named according to their
shape (figure 15.4): filiform (fil′i-form; filament-shaped), vallate (val′āt;
surrounded by a wall), foliate (fō′lē-āt; leaf-shaped), and fungiform (fŭn′ji-
fōrm; mushroom-shaped). Taste buds (figure 15.4c-e) are associated with
vallate, foliate, and fungiform papillae. Filiform papillae are the most
numerous papillae on the surface of the tongue but have no taste Page
510buds. Rather, filiform papillae provide a rough surface on the tongue,
allowing it to manipulate food more easily.
Lacrimal Apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Tears are produced in the
lacrimal gland and exit the gland trough several lacrimal ducts.
2. The tears pass over the surface of the eye
3. Tears enter the lacrimal canaliculi.
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS COMPLETE
BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW AND
STUDY GUIDE FOR COLLEGE EXAM
PREPARATION
Mechanoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -Compression, bending, stitching
of cells, touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing, balance
Chemoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -smell and taste
thermoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -temperature
photoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -light: vision
Nociceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -pain
Proprioceptors - CORRECT ANSWER -associated with joints and tendons
Ascending Pathways - CORRECT ANSWER -• Anterolateral system
,• Dorsal column
• Spinocerebellar
Descending Pathways - CORRECT ANSWER -• Direct pathways (pyramidal
system)
- Maintenance of muscle tone
- Dexterity
• Indirect pathways (extrapyramidal system)
- Less precise movements
- Posture
Speech areas of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER -- Wernicke's area: sensory
speech- understanding what is heard and thinking of what one will say
- Broca's area: motor speech- sending messages to the appropriate muscles
to actually make the sounds
- Arcuate fasciculus: connects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
- Aphasia: absent or defective speech or language comprehension. Caused
by lesion somewhere in the auditory/speech pathway
Odorant - CORRECT ANSWER -airborne molecules responsible for odors
7 different odors - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Camphoraceous (mothballs)
2. Musky
3. Floral
4. Pepperminty
, 5. Ethereal (e.g., fresh pears)
6. Pungent
7. Putrid
Olfaction - CORRECT ANSWER -Chemoreceptors contain cilia that are
embedded in the mucus layer of olfactory epithelium
•Odorants dissolve in the mucus layer and attach to cilia
•One chemoreceptor may respond to more than one type of odor
•Olfactory epithelium and olfactory neurons are replaced by basal cells
every two months
Taste - CORRECT ANSWER -That is a common misconception, but those
bumps are actually papillae (pă-pil′ē). Most taste buds are located along the
edges of those papillae. However, taste buds are also located on other areas
of the tongue, the palate, and even the lips and throat, especially in
children. The four major types of papillae are named according to their
shape (figure 15.4): filiform (fil′i-form; filament-shaped), vallate (val′āt;
surrounded by a wall), foliate (fō′lē-āt; leaf-shaped), and fungiform (fŭn′ji-
fōrm; mushroom-shaped). Taste buds (figure 15.4c-e) are associated with
vallate, foliate, and fungiform papillae. Filiform papillae are the most
numerous papillae on the surface of the tongue but have no taste Page
510buds. Rather, filiform papillae provide a rough surface on the tongue,
allowing it to manipulate food more easily.
Lacrimal Apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Tears are produced in the
lacrimal gland and exit the gland trough several lacrimal ducts.
2. The tears pass over the surface of the eye
3. Tears enter the lacrimal canaliculi.
