A&P 1551: TEST 2 REVIEW – COLLEGE OF DUPAGE 2026/2027 | COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE,
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
Four types of cells: - ANS ✔✔Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans, Merkel
Stratum Basale: - ANS ✔✔Deepest layer of epidermis
Stratum Spinosum: - ANS ✔✔Superior to the Basale layer; 8-10 layers of skin cells; provides
strength & flexibility to epidermis
Stratum Granulosum: - ANS ✔✔Superior to the spinosum layer; 3-5 layers were cells start to
undergo cell death
Stratum Lucidum: - ANS ✔✔Extra layer found only in fingertips, palms, soles
StratumCorneum: - ANS ✔✔Most superficial layer; 25-30 layers thick
Dermis: - ANS ✔✔Middle part of skin; mostly connective tissue
Papillary region: - ANS ✔✔Superior part of dermis; made mostly of areolar tissue with elastic
fibers
Reticular region: - ANS ✔✔Inferior portion of the dermis; made of dense irregular tissue;
provides skin with strenght
Subcutaneous layer: - ANS ✔✔Made up of areolar and adipose tissue
Melanin: - ANS ✔✔pigment produced by melanocytes
, Melanocytes: - ANS ✔✔Activated by UV light which produces more pigment
Shaft: - ANS ✔✔Portion of hair you can see
Root: - ANS ✔✔Portion of hair below skin
3 rings in hair - ANS ✔✔Medulla, cortex, cuticle
Hair Follicle: - ANS ✔✔Structure that surrounds root of hair
Bulb: - ANS ✔✔The base; houses papilla
Papilla of the hair: - ANS ✔✔Indentation in the hair bulb: blood vessels in papilla nourish the
hair
Matrix: - ANS ✔✔Where new hair cells are born
Arrector Pili Muscle: - ANS ✔✔Smooth muscle that contracts to make hair follicle stand on end
Two stages of hair growth: - ANS ✔✔Growth and resting
3 types of skin glands: - ANS ✔✔Sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous
Sebaceous glands: - ANS ✔✔Oil-sebum prevents drying out of skin; prevents water evaporation
PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
Four types of cells: - ANS ✔✔Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans, Merkel
Stratum Basale: - ANS ✔✔Deepest layer of epidermis
Stratum Spinosum: - ANS ✔✔Superior to the Basale layer; 8-10 layers of skin cells; provides
strength & flexibility to epidermis
Stratum Granulosum: - ANS ✔✔Superior to the spinosum layer; 3-5 layers were cells start to
undergo cell death
Stratum Lucidum: - ANS ✔✔Extra layer found only in fingertips, palms, soles
StratumCorneum: - ANS ✔✔Most superficial layer; 25-30 layers thick
Dermis: - ANS ✔✔Middle part of skin; mostly connective tissue
Papillary region: - ANS ✔✔Superior part of dermis; made mostly of areolar tissue with elastic
fibers
Reticular region: - ANS ✔✔Inferior portion of the dermis; made of dense irregular tissue;
provides skin with strenght
Subcutaneous layer: - ANS ✔✔Made up of areolar and adipose tissue
Melanin: - ANS ✔✔pigment produced by melanocytes
, Melanocytes: - ANS ✔✔Activated by UV light which produces more pigment
Shaft: - ANS ✔✔Portion of hair you can see
Root: - ANS ✔✔Portion of hair below skin
3 rings in hair - ANS ✔✔Medulla, cortex, cuticle
Hair Follicle: - ANS ✔✔Structure that surrounds root of hair
Bulb: - ANS ✔✔The base; houses papilla
Papilla of the hair: - ANS ✔✔Indentation in the hair bulb: blood vessels in papilla nourish the
hair
Matrix: - ANS ✔✔Where new hair cells are born
Arrector Pili Muscle: - ANS ✔✔Smooth muscle that contracts to make hair follicle stand on end
Two stages of hair growth: - ANS ✔✔Growth and resting
3 types of skin glands: - ANS ✔✔Sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous
Sebaceous glands: - ANS ✔✔Oil-sebum prevents drying out of skin; prevents water evaporation