NRS 2014 EXAM 2 LATEST 2026/2027
UPDATE OAKLAND UNIVERSITY 100%
ACCURATE Q&A (SOLVED) HEALTH
ASSESSMENT
thoracic cage
whole bony area of chest
What is apart of the thoracic cage?
sternum and 12 ribs (ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae)
floor of thoracic cage
diaphragm
suprasternal notch
U-shaped depression just above the sternum, between the clavicles
sternum is comprised of...
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Angle of Louis
the junction between the body of the sternum and the manubrium
costal angle
area where the rib begins to curve sharply anteriorly
Primary functions of the respiratory system
provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Secondary functions of the respiratory system
voice production, body temperature regulation, acid-base regulation, and sense of smell
,anterior chest reference lines
Midsternal line, midclavicular line, anterior axillary line
Mediastinum contains
heart, great vessels, trachea, and essential nerves
right lung
-3 lobes
-shorter
left lung
-2 lobes
-narrower
where do the lungs sit?
pleural cavity
pleura
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
visceral pleura
the inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung
pleural fluid
-liquid that surrounds the lungs
-allows lungs to slide smoothly
negative pressure breathing
The diaphragm contracts and move down, the intercostal muscles contract and move
up and out. This causes the lungs to expand. The pressure inside the lungs drops.
As you age, lungs...
, -costal cartilage calcified
-rigid in structure
-increase in small airway closure
-less surface area is available for gas exchange
-lung bases less ventilated
Genetic lung disease
-cystic fibrosis
-more common in white people
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying down
-use multiple pillows to sleep at night
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
sudden awakening from sleeping with shortness of breath
anteroposterior and transverse diameter
-Normal = 1:2
-Barrel chest = 1:1
-front/back and side/side
accessory muscles use
using muscles of neck, shoulder and upper chest to breath instead of intercostal
muscles and diaphragm
crepitus
UPDATE OAKLAND UNIVERSITY 100%
ACCURATE Q&A (SOLVED) HEALTH
ASSESSMENT
thoracic cage
whole bony area of chest
What is apart of the thoracic cage?
sternum and 12 ribs (ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae)
floor of thoracic cage
diaphragm
suprasternal notch
U-shaped depression just above the sternum, between the clavicles
sternum is comprised of...
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Angle of Louis
the junction between the body of the sternum and the manubrium
costal angle
area where the rib begins to curve sharply anteriorly
Primary functions of the respiratory system
provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Secondary functions of the respiratory system
voice production, body temperature regulation, acid-base regulation, and sense of smell
,anterior chest reference lines
Midsternal line, midclavicular line, anterior axillary line
Mediastinum contains
heart, great vessels, trachea, and essential nerves
right lung
-3 lobes
-shorter
left lung
-2 lobes
-narrower
where do the lungs sit?
pleural cavity
pleura
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
visceral pleura
the inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung
pleural fluid
-liquid that surrounds the lungs
-allows lungs to slide smoothly
negative pressure breathing
The diaphragm contracts and move down, the intercostal muscles contract and move
up and out. This causes the lungs to expand. The pressure inside the lungs drops.
As you age, lungs...
, -costal cartilage calcified
-rigid in structure
-increase in small airway closure
-less surface area is available for gas exchange
-lung bases less ventilated
Genetic lung disease
-cystic fibrosis
-more common in white people
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying down
-use multiple pillows to sleep at night
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
sudden awakening from sleeping with shortness of breath
anteroposterior and transverse diameter
-Normal = 1:2
-Barrel chest = 1:1
-front/back and side/side
accessory muscles use
using muscles of neck, shoulder and upper chest to breath instead of intercostal
muscles and diaphragm
crepitus
