,BIOD 351 Module 7 | Pharmacology | Portage Learning
| Questions & Verified Answers | 2026 Edition
1. Which term describes the process by which damaged tissue is replaced with new tissue that restores
normal structure and function?
A) Fibrosis
B) Regeneration
C) Scar formation
D) Inflammation
Correct Answer: Regeneration
Rationale: Regeneration is the process by which damaged tissue is replaced with new tissue that
restores normal structure and function, often through the activity of stem cells. Fibrosis and scar
formation involve replacement with non-functional connective tissue. Inflammation is the initial
response to injury, not the repair process itself.
2. A patient sustains a deep skin laceration that heals with the formation of thickened scar tissue. This
type of repair is best described as:
A) Regeneration
B) Tissue repair by fibrosis
C) Epimorphic regeneration
D) Compensatory hypertrophy
Correct Answer: Tissue repair by fibrosis
Rationale: When tissue damage is extensive and the surrounding cells cannot fully regenerate, the body
repairs the area through fibrosis, depositing collagen and forming scar tissue. This restores structural
integrity but not normal function. Regeneration would restore normal tissue architecture, which does
not occur in deep skin wounds.
3. What is the primary difference between regeneration and fibrosis?
,A) Regeneration involves stem cells; fibrosis involves differentiated cells only
B) Regeneration restores normal tissue structure and function; fibrosis replaces tissue with scar tissue
C) Regeneration occurs only in the liver; fibrosis occurs only in the skin
D) Regeneration requires inflammation; fibrosis does not
Correct Answer: Regeneration restores normal tissue structure and function; fibrosis replaces tissue with
scar tissue
Rationale: Regeneration results in the restoration of normal tissue architecture and function through the
proliferation of remaining cells or stem cells. Fibrosis involves the deposition of collagen and formation
of scar tissue, which maintains structural integrity but does not restore normal function.
4. Which organ in the adult human has the greatest capacity for regeneration?
A) Heart
B) Brain
C) Liver
D) Kidney
Correct Answer: Liver
Rationale: The liver has remarkable regenerative capacity in adult humans. Following partial
hepatectomy or significant injury, hepatocytes can proliferate to restore liver mass and function. The
heart, brain, and kidneys have very limited regenerative capacity.
5. During epimorphic regeneration in newts, what is the structure formed by dedifferentiating tissues?
A) Scar tissue
B) Blastema
C) Granulation tissue
D) Germ layer
, Correct Answer: Blastema
Rationale: During epimorphic regeneration, such as that seen in newt limb regeneration, tissues at the
amputation site dedifferentiate to form a blastema. The blastema is a mass of undifferentiated
progenitor cells that can proliferate and differentiate to regenerate the lost structure.
6. Which of the following organisms is capable of regenerating an entire organism from a small body
fragment?
A) Mouse
B) Planaria
C) Frog
D) Chicken
Correct Answer: Planaria
Rationale: Planaria (flatworms) are capable of remarkable regeneration, where a small body fragment
containing stem cells (neoblasts) can regenerate an entire new organism. This is due to the presence of
pluripotent stem cells distributed throughout their bodies.
7. Stem cells within each piece will produce new animals when Planaria are sliced into multiple pieces.
This is due to the presence of:
A) Differentiated somatic cells
B) Neoblasts (stem cells)
C) Blastema cells
D) Germ cells
Correct Answer: Neoblasts (stem cells)
Rationale: Planaria contain neoblasts, which are pluripotent stem cells distributed throughout their
bodies. When a planarian is cut into pieces, neoblasts within each fragment proliferate and differentiate
to regenerate all the missing tissues and organs, producing new animals.
| Questions & Verified Answers | 2026 Edition
1. Which term describes the process by which damaged tissue is replaced with new tissue that restores
normal structure and function?
A) Fibrosis
B) Regeneration
C) Scar formation
D) Inflammation
Correct Answer: Regeneration
Rationale: Regeneration is the process by which damaged tissue is replaced with new tissue that
restores normal structure and function, often through the activity of stem cells. Fibrosis and scar
formation involve replacement with non-functional connective tissue. Inflammation is the initial
response to injury, not the repair process itself.
2. A patient sustains a deep skin laceration that heals with the formation of thickened scar tissue. This
type of repair is best described as:
A) Regeneration
B) Tissue repair by fibrosis
C) Epimorphic regeneration
D) Compensatory hypertrophy
Correct Answer: Tissue repair by fibrosis
Rationale: When tissue damage is extensive and the surrounding cells cannot fully regenerate, the body
repairs the area through fibrosis, depositing collagen and forming scar tissue. This restores structural
integrity but not normal function. Regeneration would restore normal tissue architecture, which does
not occur in deep skin wounds.
3. What is the primary difference between regeneration and fibrosis?
,A) Regeneration involves stem cells; fibrosis involves differentiated cells only
B) Regeneration restores normal tissue structure and function; fibrosis replaces tissue with scar tissue
C) Regeneration occurs only in the liver; fibrosis occurs only in the skin
D) Regeneration requires inflammation; fibrosis does not
Correct Answer: Regeneration restores normal tissue structure and function; fibrosis replaces tissue with
scar tissue
Rationale: Regeneration results in the restoration of normal tissue architecture and function through the
proliferation of remaining cells or stem cells. Fibrosis involves the deposition of collagen and formation
of scar tissue, which maintains structural integrity but does not restore normal function.
4. Which organ in the adult human has the greatest capacity for regeneration?
A) Heart
B) Brain
C) Liver
D) Kidney
Correct Answer: Liver
Rationale: The liver has remarkable regenerative capacity in adult humans. Following partial
hepatectomy or significant injury, hepatocytes can proliferate to restore liver mass and function. The
heart, brain, and kidneys have very limited regenerative capacity.
5. During epimorphic regeneration in newts, what is the structure formed by dedifferentiating tissues?
A) Scar tissue
B) Blastema
C) Granulation tissue
D) Germ layer
, Correct Answer: Blastema
Rationale: During epimorphic regeneration, such as that seen in newt limb regeneration, tissues at the
amputation site dedifferentiate to form a blastema. The blastema is a mass of undifferentiated
progenitor cells that can proliferate and differentiate to regenerate the lost structure.
6. Which of the following organisms is capable of regenerating an entire organism from a small body
fragment?
A) Mouse
B) Planaria
C) Frog
D) Chicken
Correct Answer: Planaria
Rationale: Planaria (flatworms) are capable of remarkable regeneration, where a small body fragment
containing stem cells (neoblasts) can regenerate an entire new organism. This is due to the presence of
pluripotent stem cells distributed throughout their bodies.
7. Stem cells within each piece will produce new animals when Planaria are sliced into multiple pieces.
This is due to the presence of:
A) Differentiated somatic cells
B) Neoblasts (stem cells)
C) Blastema cells
D) Germ cells
Correct Answer: Neoblasts (stem cells)
Rationale: Planaria contain neoblasts, which are pluripotent stem cells distributed throughout their
bodies. When a planarian is cut into pieces, neoblasts within each fragment proliferate and differentiate
to regenerate all the missing tissues and organs, producing new animals.
