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NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!!

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NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!!

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FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER dd dd




NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS
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STUDENT NAME: ________________________________
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COURSE: advanced pathophysiology exam 1
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EXAM CODE: NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS-101
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EXAM INSTRUCTIONS:
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1. Print your full name and date clearly in the header above.
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2. This exam booklet contains both Test Questions (Part I) and Verified Solutions (Part II).
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3. Answer all multiple-choice questions clearly. Double-check your work.
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4. Do not break the seal or open this booklet until instructed to do so by the proctor.
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Q1. What are the properties of a eukaryotic cell
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[Verified Solution]: • Well define nucleus. • cells are larger and have more extensive intracellular anat
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omy and organization than do prokaryotes. • cells bind with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and are invol
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ved in the super coiling of DNA. • cells have several chromosomes, protein production or synthesis . it
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consists of three components: outer membrane called plasma membrane, a fluid filling called cytoplasm,
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and the intra cellular organs or organelles
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Q2. How do cells communicate with each other and the environment outside the cell
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[Verified Solution]: Cells communicate by using hundreds of signal molecules. -
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they display plasma membrane-
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bound signaling molecules (receptor) that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact -
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they affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell to bind to
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them -they form protein channels (gap juctions) that directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells.
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Q3. responsable for cellular respiration and energy production
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[Verified Solution]: mitocondria dd dddd




Q4. they provide sites for cellular protein synthesis
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[Verified Solution]: ribosome dd dddd

,Q5. is the largest membrane bound organelle and is usually found in the cell center, main fun
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ction is cell division and control of genetic information
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[Verified Solution]: nucleus dd dddd




Q6. is a small dense structure composed largely of RNA and combine it with proteins
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[Verified Solution]: nucleolus dd dddd




Q7. are saclike structures that originate from the golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes
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[Verified Solution]: lysosomes dd dddd




Q8. specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of t
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he cells organelles
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[Verified Solution]: endoplasmic reticulum
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Q9. proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum are processed and packaged into small membra
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ne
[Verified Solution]: Golgi apparatus or complex
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Q10. membrane organelles that contain several oxidative enzymes such as catalase and urate
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oxidase. those enzymes use oxygen to remove hydrogen in an oxidative reaction that produces
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hydrogen peroxide. dd




[Verified Solution]: peroxisomes dd dddd




Q11. it is the gelatinous, semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm. functions include: intermediary
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metabolism involving enzymatic biochemical reactions; ribosomal protein synthesis and storag
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e of carbohydrates, fat and secretory vesicles
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[Verified Solution]: cytosol dd dddd




Q12. maintains the cell's shape and internal organization
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[Verified Solution]: cytoskeleton dd dddd

, Q13. cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly absorbed, destroyed and immobili
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zed.
[Verified Solution]: paracrine dd dddd




Q14. cancer cells use this form of signaling to stimulate their survival and proliferation. it fun
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ction as a component of normal growth regulatory mechanism.
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[Verified Solution]: autocrine dd dddd




Q15. diffuses across the synaptic cleft and acts on the postsypnaptic target cells
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[Verified Solution]: neurotransmitter
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Q16. are released by one set of cells and travel through the tissue and through the bloodstrea
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m to produce a response in other set of cells
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[Verified Solution]: hormone dd dddd




Q17. proteins float in the fluid lipid bilayer. is a membrane structure that consists of a variety
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of individual protein molecules moving and shifting within a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
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[Verified Solution]: fluid mosaic model
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Q18. second messenger
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[Verified Solution]: are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface are gener
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ated in large numbers when the membrane bound enzyme is activated, and they then rapidly diffuse aw
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ay from their source, broadcasting the signal throughout the cell. The two major pathways are cyclic ad
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enosine monophosphate (AMP, CAMP) and Ca. • a signal molecule such as epinephrine binds to a cell
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surface receptor, it activate a G protein inside the cell • The G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase to pr
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oduce large amounts of cyclic AMP from ATP • Then cAMP binds to and activate a target protein such
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as a-kinase which adds phosphate to specific protein within the cell
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Q19. How does oxidative phosphorylation work?
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[Verified Solution]: Occurs in the mitochondria and is the mechanism by which the energy produce fr
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om cahydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. The process by which ATP is formed
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