NSG 5140 Final Exam Review –
Advanced Pathophysiology (South
College) Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2027 Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
Question 1
Which cellular adaptation is most commonly seen in the respiratory
tract of chronic smokers?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Anaplasia
Answer: C
,Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one
differentiated cell type with another better suited to withstand chronic
irritation. In smokers, normal ciliated columnar epithelium in the
respiratory tract is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium, which is
more resistant to chemical stress but lacks normal mucociliary function.
Question 2
Which condition is primarily associated with type I hypersensitivity
reactions?
A. Hemolytic anemia
B. Allergic rhinitis
C. Serum sickness
D. Contact dermatitis
Answer: B
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and involves
immediate allergic reactions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and
anaphylaxis. It results from mast cell degranulation and histamine
release.
Question 3
,Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypochloremia
Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia significantly affects cardiac conduction by
altering membrane potential, increasing risk for dangerous
dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation or asystole.
Question 4
Which mechanism best describes septic shock?
A. Absolute hypovolemia
B. Peripheral vasoconstriction
C. Systemic vasodilation and capillary leak
D. Increased myocardial contractility
Answer: C
, Rationale: Septic shock involves widespread inflammatory mediator
release leading to vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and
relative hypovolemia, resulting in impaired tissue perfusion.
Question 5
Which laboratory finding is most consistent with acute kidney injury?
A. Decreased BUN and creatinine
B. Increased urine output
C. Elevated creatinine and oliguria
D. Decreased serum potassium
Answer: C
Rationale: Acute kidney injury is characterized by reduced glomerular
filtration rate, leading to accumulation of nitrogenous wastes such as
creatinine and decreased urine output (oliguria).
Question 6
Which acid-base disorder is caused by prolonged vomiting?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
Advanced Pathophysiology (South
College) Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2027 Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
Question 1
Which cellular adaptation is most commonly seen in the respiratory
tract of chronic smokers?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Anaplasia
Answer: C
,Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one
differentiated cell type with another better suited to withstand chronic
irritation. In smokers, normal ciliated columnar epithelium in the
respiratory tract is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium, which is
more resistant to chemical stress but lacks normal mucociliary function.
Question 2
Which condition is primarily associated with type I hypersensitivity
reactions?
A. Hemolytic anemia
B. Allergic rhinitis
C. Serum sickness
D. Contact dermatitis
Answer: B
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and involves
immediate allergic reactions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and
anaphylaxis. It results from mast cell degranulation and histamine
release.
Question 3
,Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypochloremia
Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia significantly affects cardiac conduction by
altering membrane potential, increasing risk for dangerous
dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation or asystole.
Question 4
Which mechanism best describes septic shock?
A. Absolute hypovolemia
B. Peripheral vasoconstriction
C. Systemic vasodilation and capillary leak
D. Increased myocardial contractility
Answer: C
, Rationale: Septic shock involves widespread inflammatory mediator
release leading to vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and
relative hypovolemia, resulting in impaired tissue perfusion.
Question 5
Which laboratory finding is most consistent with acute kidney injury?
A. Decreased BUN and creatinine
B. Increased urine output
C. Elevated creatinine and oliguria
D. Decreased serum potassium
Answer: C
Rationale: Acute kidney injury is characterized by reduced glomerular
filtration rate, leading to accumulation of nitrogenous wastes such as
creatinine and decreased urine output (oliguria).
Question 6
Which acid-base disorder is caused by prolonged vomiting?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
