, TESTBANK FOR Dimensions of Justice First Edition Heffernan
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
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,Multiple Choice
1. Baseline reasoning is an essential component of:
A. criminal justice.
B. corrective justice.
C. criminal and corrective justice.
D. None of the above
Answer: B Page: 4
2. Which of the following is not a stages of justice question?
A. What were the injured party’s rights?
B. In what way were those rights interfered with?
C. How much money did the injured party have to pay for a lawyer?
D. What is the proper response to the act of interference?
Answer: C Page: 7
3. For corrective justice, the appropriate standard for repairing the wrong done is to:
A. imprison the offender.
B. place the victim in the position he would have been in but for the wrong.
C. place the victim in a position that emphasizes the importance of the wrong done.
D. place the victim in a position that humiliates the offender.
Answer: B Page: 8
4. The term tort, when used in the law, covers which of the following?
A. Intentional wrongdoing
B. Careless wrongdoing
C. Theft
D. All of the above
Answer: D Page: 5
5. Criminal justice, unlike corrective justice, is concerned with:
A. the victim’s misconduct.
,B. the victim’s complaint about the offender.
C. the punishment appropriate for the offender.
D. the offender’s complaint about the victim.
Answer: C Page: 2
6. For victims of fraud, the term clawback refers to:
A. a request for documents.
B. an effort to seek revenge.
C. an unpleasant conversation following cross-examination.
D. an effort to balance losses by investors in an investment fund.
Answer: D Page: 14
7. A Ponzi scheme collapses when:
A. all investors ask for their money back at the same time.
B. the government begins to investigate the person running it.
C. investors begin to draw interest on the scheme.
D. the person running the scheme undergoes a credit examination.
Answer: A Page: 9
8. Madoff’s victims recovered:
A. everything they invested.
B. nothing.
C. about 50% of what they invested.
D. about 25% of what they invested.
Answer: C Page: 13
9. General deterrence consists of a communicated threat of unpleasant consequences to:
A. an individual specially targeted by the authorities.
B. all members of the armed forces.
C. the public at large.
D. officers in the armed forces.
Answer: C Page: 17
,10. Specific deterrence consists of a communicated threat of unpleasant consequences to:
A. an individual specially targeted by the authorities.
B. all members of the armed forces.
C. the public at large.
D. officers in the armed forces.
Answer: A Page: 17
Matching
11. Match the concept mentioned in the left column with the description in the right column.
1. General deterrence
2. Specific deterrence
3. Clawback
4. Retributivism
5. Corrective justice
A. The amount recovered from successful investors in a fraudulent scheme to compensate those
defrauded by it. Punishment must be linked to the wrongfulness of an act
B. A framework that seeks to make whole the victim of faulty behavior
C. A justification for punishment that seeks to prevent future wrongdoing by members of the
public at large
D. A step that strips someone of a gain so as to provide compensation for someone else
E. A justification for punishment that seeks to prevent future wrongdoing by the offender who
engaged in it
Answer: 1-C, 2-E, 3-A, 4-D, 5-B
Short Answer
12. Write a 100-word essay on the following topic. Your essay should employ stages of justice
reasoning for the following topic.
When discussing corrective justice, people sometimes talk about restoration of the status quo
ante. Use the example of a nonfatal auto accident, in which a driver injures a pedestrian, thereby
necessitating hospital outpatient treatment for the pedestrian, to explain what this term means.
,Answer:
13. Write a 100-word essay on the following topic. Your essay should employ stages of justice
reasoning for the following topic.
Imagine that Wesley is unable to provide compensation for Victor’s totaled car. Should Wesley’s
criminal sentence therefore be increased?
Answer:
14. Write a 100-word essay on the following topic. Your essay should employ stages of justice
reasoning for the following topic.
Before Judge Chin sentenced Madoff to 150 years in prison, Madoff’s victims made it clear they
wanted revenge for the suffering he brought about. Relying on retributive theory, explain
whether it’s appropriate to let crime victims speak prior to sentencing. In particular, comment on
whether a victim’s desire for revenge can appropriately be considered as a factor in settling on
punishment for an offender.
Answer:
15. Write a 100-word essay on the following topic. Your essay should employ stages of justice
reasoning for the following topic.
Should investors who withdrew all the money they invested in Madoff’s funds prior to
November 2008 be made to pay clawbacks to the trustee so that investors who did not withdraw
prior to that date could receive something?
Answer:
Essay
16. Write a 250-word essay on the following subject: Assume that Trustee Picard is able to
recover every dollar Madoff’s investors put into his funds plus interest. That is, assume that
although Picard isn’t able to recover the fictitious $65 billion dollars Madoff told his investors
they had in their accounts, he’s able to recover the entire $17.3 billion they actually did put into
his funds-plus the interest these investments would have earned in bank certificates of deposit. If
so, should Madoff’s sentence be reduced? In answering this, outline the deterrence and
,retributive considerations discussed in the chapter and explain what bearing they have on your
decision.
Answer:
,Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not an example of an actual social contract?
A. The Mayflower Compact
B. The syllabus for this course
C. The United States Constitution
D. The United Nations Charter
Answer: B Page: 33–35
2. At the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, delegates:
A. bargained over the terms of the Constitution.
B. copied the provisions of the Articles of Confederation.
C. adopted a plan of government proposed by James Madison.
D. adopted a plan of government proposed by George Washington.
Answer: A Page: 34–35
3. In Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe writes about a man:
A. lost in the desert.
B. stranded on an island.
C. lost in religious contemplation.
D. who is attacked by the British army.
Answer: B Page: 27
4. What name does Robinson Crusoe call his servant?
A. Monday
B. Tuesday
C. Friday
D. Saturday
Answer: C Page: 27
5. In stages of justice reasoning, the term stage zero refers to which of the following?
A. Government bankruptcy
,B. The uncertainties associated with theories of justice
C. The net difference between costs and benefits
D. The foundational stage at which the principles of justice are identified
Answer: D Page: 30
6. If a storeowner posts a sign for customers that states “You Break It, You Pay for It,” the
storeowner is relying on a principle of:
A. criminal justice.
B. retributive justice.
C. corrective justice.
D. meritocratic justice.
Answer: C Page: 31
7. According to David Hume, the circumstances of justice are those of:
A. extreme scarcity.
B. relative scarcity.
C. abundance.
D. nonexistence.
Answer: B Page: 29
8. John Rawls employs the term veil of ignorance to:
A. emphasize the importance of disinterested reasoning about justice.
B. focus on uncertainty as to the principles of justice.
C. reject religious ritual.
D. emphasize the fact that the future is always uncertain.
Answer: A Page: 36–37
9. According to Rawls, deliberators in the original position will:
A. decide that kindness is the guiding principle for thinking about justice.
B. disregard the circumstances of justice.
C. bargain with one another to identify the principles of justice.
D. seek to return to the state of nature.
Answer: C Page: 37
, 10. Which of the following did not subscribe to a social contract theory of justice?
A. John Locke
B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C. Immanuel Kant
D. David Hume
Answer: D Page: 35–36
Matching
11. Match the concept mentioned in the left column with the description in the right column.
1. Circumstances of justice
2. Actual social contract
3. Hypothetical social contract
4. Veil of ignorance
5. Original position
A. Uncertainty about one’s specific characteristics while bargaining over principles of justice
B. A thought experiment in which deliberators settle on principles of justice
C. Agreement between a group of individuals that establishes the terms of self-government
D. The conditions of relative scarcity/abundance under which most people live
E. An imaginary agreement used to evaluatethe justice of actual social arrangements
Answer: 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A, 5-E
Short Answer
12. Write a 100-word essay on each of the following topics.
The Mayflower Compact can be classified as an actual social contract. (a) Why is this an
accurate statement? (b) In what sense can the Compact be said to fail to provide just protection
for all individuals affected by the government established by it?
Answer:
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
,Multiple Choice
1. Baseline reasoning is an essential component of:
A. criminal justice.
B. corrective justice.
C. criminal and corrective justice.
D. None of the above
Answer: B Page: 4
2. Which of the following is not a stages of justice question?
A. What were the injured party’s rights?
B. In what way were those rights interfered with?
C. How much money did the injured party have to pay for a lawyer?
D. What is the proper response to the act of interference?
Answer: C Page: 7
3. For corrective justice, the appropriate standard for repairing the wrong done is to:
A. imprison the offender.
B. place the victim in the position he would have been in but for the wrong.
C. place the victim in a position that emphasizes the importance of the wrong done.
D. place the victim in a position that humiliates the offender.
Answer: B Page: 8
4. The term tort, when used in the law, covers which of the following?
A. Intentional wrongdoing
B. Careless wrongdoing
C. Theft
D. All of the above
Answer: D Page: 5
5. Criminal justice, unlike corrective justice, is concerned with:
A. the victim’s misconduct.
,B. the victim’s complaint about the offender.
C. the punishment appropriate for the offender.
D. the offender’s complaint about the victim.
Answer: C Page: 2
6. For victims of fraud, the term clawback refers to:
A. a request for documents.
B. an effort to seek revenge.
C. an unpleasant conversation following cross-examination.
D. an effort to balance losses by investors in an investment fund.
Answer: D Page: 14
7. A Ponzi scheme collapses when:
A. all investors ask for their money back at the same time.
B. the government begins to investigate the person running it.
C. investors begin to draw interest on the scheme.
D. the person running the scheme undergoes a credit examination.
Answer: A Page: 9
8. Madoff’s victims recovered:
A. everything they invested.
B. nothing.
C. about 50% of what they invested.
D. about 25% of what they invested.
Answer: C Page: 13
9. General deterrence consists of a communicated threat of unpleasant consequences to:
A. an individual specially targeted by the authorities.
B. all members of the armed forces.
C. the public at large.
D. officers in the armed forces.
Answer: C Page: 17
,10. Specific deterrence consists of a communicated threat of unpleasant consequences to:
A. an individual specially targeted by the authorities.
B. all members of the armed forces.
C. the public at large.
D. officers in the armed forces.
Answer: A Page: 17
Matching
11. Match the concept mentioned in the left column with the description in the right column.
1. General deterrence
2. Specific deterrence
3. Clawback
4. Retributivism
5. Corrective justice
A. The amount recovered from successful investors in a fraudulent scheme to compensate those
defrauded by it. Punishment must be linked to the wrongfulness of an act
B. A framework that seeks to make whole the victim of faulty behavior
C. A justification for punishment that seeks to prevent future wrongdoing by members of the
public at large
D. A step that strips someone of a gain so as to provide compensation for someone else
E. A justification for punishment that seeks to prevent future wrongdoing by the offender who
engaged in it
Answer: 1-C, 2-E, 3-A, 4-D, 5-B
Short Answer
12. Write a 100-word essay on the following topic. Your essay should employ stages of justice
reasoning for the following topic.
When discussing corrective justice, people sometimes talk about restoration of the status quo
ante. Use the example of a nonfatal auto accident, in which a driver injures a pedestrian, thereby
necessitating hospital outpatient treatment for the pedestrian, to explain what this term means.
,Answer:
13. Write a 100-word essay on the following topic. Your essay should employ stages of justice
reasoning for the following topic.
Imagine that Wesley is unable to provide compensation for Victor’s totaled car. Should Wesley’s
criminal sentence therefore be increased?
Answer:
14. Write a 100-word essay on the following topic. Your essay should employ stages of justice
reasoning for the following topic.
Before Judge Chin sentenced Madoff to 150 years in prison, Madoff’s victims made it clear they
wanted revenge for the suffering he brought about. Relying on retributive theory, explain
whether it’s appropriate to let crime victims speak prior to sentencing. In particular, comment on
whether a victim’s desire for revenge can appropriately be considered as a factor in settling on
punishment for an offender.
Answer:
15. Write a 100-word essay on the following topic. Your essay should employ stages of justice
reasoning for the following topic.
Should investors who withdrew all the money they invested in Madoff’s funds prior to
November 2008 be made to pay clawbacks to the trustee so that investors who did not withdraw
prior to that date could receive something?
Answer:
Essay
16. Write a 250-word essay on the following subject: Assume that Trustee Picard is able to
recover every dollar Madoff’s investors put into his funds plus interest. That is, assume that
although Picard isn’t able to recover the fictitious $65 billion dollars Madoff told his investors
they had in their accounts, he’s able to recover the entire $17.3 billion they actually did put into
his funds-plus the interest these investments would have earned in bank certificates of deposit. If
so, should Madoff’s sentence be reduced? In answering this, outline the deterrence and
,retributive considerations discussed in the chapter and explain what bearing they have on your
decision.
Answer:
,Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not an example of an actual social contract?
A. The Mayflower Compact
B. The syllabus for this course
C. The United States Constitution
D. The United Nations Charter
Answer: B Page: 33–35
2. At the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, delegates:
A. bargained over the terms of the Constitution.
B. copied the provisions of the Articles of Confederation.
C. adopted a plan of government proposed by James Madison.
D. adopted a plan of government proposed by George Washington.
Answer: A Page: 34–35
3. In Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe writes about a man:
A. lost in the desert.
B. stranded on an island.
C. lost in religious contemplation.
D. who is attacked by the British army.
Answer: B Page: 27
4. What name does Robinson Crusoe call his servant?
A. Monday
B. Tuesday
C. Friday
D. Saturday
Answer: C Page: 27
5. In stages of justice reasoning, the term stage zero refers to which of the following?
A. Government bankruptcy
,B. The uncertainties associated with theories of justice
C. The net difference between costs and benefits
D. The foundational stage at which the principles of justice are identified
Answer: D Page: 30
6. If a storeowner posts a sign for customers that states “You Break It, You Pay for It,” the
storeowner is relying on a principle of:
A. criminal justice.
B. retributive justice.
C. corrective justice.
D. meritocratic justice.
Answer: C Page: 31
7. According to David Hume, the circumstances of justice are those of:
A. extreme scarcity.
B. relative scarcity.
C. abundance.
D. nonexistence.
Answer: B Page: 29
8. John Rawls employs the term veil of ignorance to:
A. emphasize the importance of disinterested reasoning about justice.
B. focus on uncertainty as to the principles of justice.
C. reject religious ritual.
D. emphasize the fact that the future is always uncertain.
Answer: A Page: 36–37
9. According to Rawls, deliberators in the original position will:
A. decide that kindness is the guiding principle for thinking about justice.
B. disregard the circumstances of justice.
C. bargain with one another to identify the principles of justice.
D. seek to return to the state of nature.
Answer: C Page: 37
, 10. Which of the following did not subscribe to a social contract theory of justice?
A. John Locke
B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C. Immanuel Kant
D. David Hume
Answer: D Page: 35–36
Matching
11. Match the concept mentioned in the left column with the description in the right column.
1. Circumstances of justice
2. Actual social contract
3. Hypothetical social contract
4. Veil of ignorance
5. Original position
A. Uncertainty about one’s specific characteristics while bargaining over principles of justice
B. A thought experiment in which deliberators settle on principles of justice
C. Agreement between a group of individuals that establishes the terms of self-government
D. The conditions of relative scarcity/abundance under which most people live
E. An imaginary agreement used to evaluatethe justice of actual social arrangements
Answer: 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A, 5-E
Short Answer
12. Write a 100-word essay on each of the following topics.
The Mayflower Compact can be classified as an actual social contract. (a) Why is this an
accurate statement? (b) In what sense can the Compact be said to fail to provide just protection
for all individuals affected by the government established by it?
Answer:
