OVERVIEW OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND
ITS FUNCTIONS |MEDSERG EXAM 2 | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS STARTS HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE &
EXCEL!
Gonads Answer: Primary sex organs: testes in males, ovaries in females.
Gametes Answer: Sex cells: sperm in males, oocytes in females.
Androgens Answer: Male sex hormones produced by testes.
Estrogens Answer: Female sex hormones produced by ovaries.
Progesterone Answer: Hormone regulating female reproductive functions.
Accessory reproductive organs Answer: Includes ducts, glands, and external genitalia.
Scrotum Answer: Sac that houses the testes outside the body.
Cremaster muscle Answer: Skeletal muscle elevating testes for temperature regulation.
Dartos muscle Answer: Smooth muscle causing wrinkles on scrotal surface.
Testicular cancer Answer: Most common cancer in men aged 15-35.
Epididymis Answer: Duct absorbing fluid and maturing sperm.
Ductus deferens Answer: Tube transporting sperm from epididymis.
Ejaculatory duct Answer: Formed by ductus deferens and seminal vesicle duct.
Urethra Answer: Carries urine or semen; three regions exist.
Semen Answer: Fluid containing sperm and nutrients for activation.
Seminal vesicles Answer: Glands contributing 60% of semen volume.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence. 1
, Prostate gland Answer: Secretes fluid activating sperm during ejaculation.
Bulbourethral glands Answer: Produce mucus to neutralize urethra before ejaculation.
Erection Answer: Penis enlargement from blood filling erectile tissue.
Corpora cavernosa Answer: Two dorsal erectile cylinders in the penis.
Corpus spongiosum Answer: Surrounds urethra, expands to form glans penis.
Erectile Dysfunction Answer: Inability to attain an erection.
Circumcision Answer: Surgical removal of the foreskin.
Nitric oxide (NO) Answer: Chemical causing blood flow increase during erection.
Prostatic urethra Answer: Urethra section surrounded by the prostate gland.
Membranous urethra Answer: Urethra section between prostate and penis.
Spongy urethra Answer: Urethra section along the penis to external opening.
Prostatitis Answer: Inflammation of the prostate gland.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Answer: Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Answer: Protein secreted by the prostate, used for cancer
screening.
Viagra Answer: Medication that enhances penile blood flow using NO.
Ejaculation Answer: Release of semen involving multiple muscular contractions.
Sympathetic Nerves Answer: Nerves that trigger ejaculation and muscle contractions.
Gametogenesis Answer: Process of producing gametes: sperm and eggs.
Spermatogenesis Answer: Sperm production process in male reproductive system.
Oogenesis Answer: Egg production process in female reproductive system.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence. 2
ITS FUNCTIONS |MEDSERG EXAM 2 | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS STARTS HERE! LEARN, PRACTICE &
EXCEL!
Gonads Answer: Primary sex organs: testes in males, ovaries in females.
Gametes Answer: Sex cells: sperm in males, oocytes in females.
Androgens Answer: Male sex hormones produced by testes.
Estrogens Answer: Female sex hormones produced by ovaries.
Progesterone Answer: Hormone regulating female reproductive functions.
Accessory reproductive organs Answer: Includes ducts, glands, and external genitalia.
Scrotum Answer: Sac that houses the testes outside the body.
Cremaster muscle Answer: Skeletal muscle elevating testes for temperature regulation.
Dartos muscle Answer: Smooth muscle causing wrinkles on scrotal surface.
Testicular cancer Answer: Most common cancer in men aged 15-35.
Epididymis Answer: Duct absorbing fluid and maturing sperm.
Ductus deferens Answer: Tube transporting sperm from epididymis.
Ejaculatory duct Answer: Formed by ductus deferens and seminal vesicle duct.
Urethra Answer: Carries urine or semen; three regions exist.
Semen Answer: Fluid containing sperm and nutrients for activation.
Seminal vesicles Answer: Glands contributing 60% of semen volume.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence. 1
, Prostate gland Answer: Secretes fluid activating sperm during ejaculation.
Bulbourethral glands Answer: Produce mucus to neutralize urethra before ejaculation.
Erection Answer: Penis enlargement from blood filling erectile tissue.
Corpora cavernosa Answer: Two dorsal erectile cylinders in the penis.
Corpus spongiosum Answer: Surrounds urethra, expands to form glans penis.
Erectile Dysfunction Answer: Inability to attain an erection.
Circumcision Answer: Surgical removal of the foreskin.
Nitric oxide (NO) Answer: Chemical causing blood flow increase during erection.
Prostatic urethra Answer: Urethra section surrounded by the prostate gland.
Membranous urethra Answer: Urethra section between prostate and penis.
Spongy urethra Answer: Urethra section along the penis to external opening.
Prostatitis Answer: Inflammation of the prostate gland.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Answer: Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Answer: Protein secreted by the prostate, used for cancer
screening.
Viagra Answer: Medication that enhances penile blood flow using NO.
Ejaculation Answer: Release of semen involving multiple muscular contractions.
Sympathetic Nerves Answer: Nerves that trigger ejaculation and muscle contractions.
Gametogenesis Answer: Process of producing gametes: sperm and eggs.
Spermatogenesis Answer: Sperm production process in male reproductive system.
Oogenesis Answer: Egg production process in female reproductive system.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence. 2
