NURS 5338 CP2 FINAL EXAM 2026–2027 | (50
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS) |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED
Introduction
This structured NURS 5338 CP2 Final Exam format for 2026–2027 provides the complete
layout for generating high-quality exam-style questions with correct answers and
rationales. It emphasizes advanced pathophysiological concepts, disease mechanisms,
clinical reasoning, and evidence-based practice principles critical to advanced nursing
practice and successful course completion at the University of Texas at Arlington.
1. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the size of cells in response to
mechanical load or stress, often seen in the heart of a hypertensive patient?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy is the increase in cell size without an increase in cell number. In
the heart, chronic hypertension leads to cardiac hypertrophy as myocytes expand to handle
the increased afterload.
2. In cystic fibrosis, a mutation occurs in the CFTR protein. This is an example of
which inheritance pattern?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked dominant
D. Mitochondrial
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis requires two copies of the defective gene to manifest the disease,
consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance.
,3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves mast cell
degranulation, such as in anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is immediate and IgE-mediated. It involves the binding
of an allergen to IgE on mast cells, triggering the release of histamine and other
inflammatory mediators.
4. A patient presents with a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 55, and HCO3 of 26. Which acid-base
imbalance is present?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: The low pH (<7.35) indicates acidosis. The high PaCO2 (>45) suggests the
respiratory system is the cause of the acidity.
5. Which process describes the programmed death of a cell without initiating an
inflammatory response?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Infarction
D. Autolysis
Rationale: Apoptosis is an orderly, energy-dependent process of programmed cell death
that prevents the release of intracellular contents into the surrounding tissue.
, 6. In heart failure, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
initially compensates for low cardiac output but ultimately leads to:
A. Decreased preload
B. Increased afterload and fluid retention
C. Improved myocardial contractility
D. Vasodilation
Rationale: RAAS activation leads to vasoconstriction (angiotensin II) and sodium/water
retention (aldosterone), which increases workload on a failing heart.
7. What is the hallmark pathophysiological finding in Alzheimer's disease?
A. Dopamine depletion
B. Demyelination of axons
C. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
D. Excessive glutamate release
Rationale: The accumulation of extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and intracellular tau
tangles disrupts neuronal communication and leads to cell death in Alzheimer's.
8. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary in response to increased
plasma osmolality to conserve water?
A. Oxytocin
B. Aldosterone
C. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
D. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Rationale: ADH (Vasopressin) acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, thereby
diluting the plasma and lowering osmolality.
9. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is primarily characterized by:
A. Insulin resistance
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS) |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED
Introduction
This structured NURS 5338 CP2 Final Exam format for 2026–2027 provides the complete
layout for generating high-quality exam-style questions with correct answers and
rationales. It emphasizes advanced pathophysiological concepts, disease mechanisms,
clinical reasoning, and evidence-based practice principles critical to advanced nursing
practice and successful course completion at the University of Texas at Arlington.
1. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the size of cells in response to
mechanical load or stress, often seen in the heart of a hypertensive patient?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Rationale: Hypertrophy is the increase in cell size without an increase in cell number. In
the heart, chronic hypertension leads to cardiac hypertrophy as myocytes expand to handle
the increased afterload.
2. In cystic fibrosis, a mutation occurs in the CFTR protein. This is an example of
which inheritance pattern?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked dominant
D. Mitochondrial
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis requires two copies of the defective gene to manifest the disease,
consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance.
,3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves mast cell
degranulation, such as in anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is immediate and IgE-mediated. It involves the binding
of an allergen to IgE on mast cells, triggering the release of histamine and other
inflammatory mediators.
4. A patient presents with a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 55, and HCO3 of 26. Which acid-base
imbalance is present?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: The low pH (<7.35) indicates acidosis. The high PaCO2 (>45) suggests the
respiratory system is the cause of the acidity.
5. Which process describes the programmed death of a cell without initiating an
inflammatory response?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Infarction
D. Autolysis
Rationale: Apoptosis is an orderly, energy-dependent process of programmed cell death
that prevents the release of intracellular contents into the surrounding tissue.
, 6. In heart failure, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
initially compensates for low cardiac output but ultimately leads to:
A. Decreased preload
B. Increased afterload and fluid retention
C. Improved myocardial contractility
D. Vasodilation
Rationale: RAAS activation leads to vasoconstriction (angiotensin II) and sodium/water
retention (aldosterone), which increases workload on a failing heart.
7. What is the hallmark pathophysiological finding in Alzheimer's disease?
A. Dopamine depletion
B. Demyelination of axons
C. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
D. Excessive glutamate release
Rationale: The accumulation of extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and intracellular tau
tangles disrupts neuronal communication and leads to cell death in Alzheimer's.
8. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary in response to increased
plasma osmolality to conserve water?
A. Oxytocin
B. Aldosterone
C. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
D. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Rationale: ADH (Vasopressin) acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, thereby
diluting the plasma and lowering osmolality.
9. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is primarily characterized by:
A. Insulin resistance
