INJURY SPECIALIST REVIEW 2026
How have widely- held beliefs about children and TBI's changed thanks to research? - ANS
✔✔In contrast to the previously held beliefs that children could bounce back, even after a
severe brain injury research indicates that children are just as or even more vulnerable to the
effects of brain injury than those injured in later childhood. The prognosis for acquiring a new
skills is worse the younger the child is at time of brain injury.
What is the leading cause of death in acquired disability in children adolescence in the United
States? - ANS ✔✔Traumatic Brain injury
What pediatric ages groups are most at risk? - ANS ✔✔Ages 0-4 ( falls) and 15-19 (MVC and
Falls)
What are the five peak maturation periods in normally developing children? - ANS ✔✔Birth-6,
7-10, 11-13, 14-17, 18-21+
While effects brain injury may not be immediately apparent in children, what can it interfere
with done the road? - ANS ✔✔Establishment of new learning process and more complex skills
What can mitigate the stalled post-injury development? - ANS ✔✔Continues rehabilitation and
community reintegration
What are risk factors for abusive head trauma (AHT) in young children? - ANS ✔✔Victim: Less
than a year old, excessive crying (birth - 4 months) and temper tantrums and toilet training
(toddlers).
Caregivers: male, younger in age, mental health issues, intimate partner violence, and substance
abuse.
, List the three diagnostic indicators for abusive head trauma (AHT) - ANS ✔✔1. Bleeding of brain
(subdural hemorrhage or hematoma)
2. Brain swelling (cerebral edema)
3. Bleeding in the eyes (retinal hemorrhage)
Why is it important for students who have sustained a concussion to have a balanced approach
to cognitive and physical rest? - ANS ✔✔Not enough rest can delay recovery and too much rest
can prolong recovery. Recommended 1-2 days rest from school and related activities
Define post concussion syndrome and effects on long term health and cognitive functions - ANS
✔✔Persistent concussion symptoms like attention, memory, fatigue, sleep, headache, dizziness,
irritability, or changes in personality. Crafting chalk ledges in family life, social life, and school,
Define second impact syndrome (SIS) and effects on long term health and cognitive functions -
ANS ✔✔When an individual experiences second concussion before the first has healed. Long
term effects include long term neuropsychological, and psychiatric consequences.
Define chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and effects on long term health and cognitive
functions - ANS ✔✔Progressive degenerative disease similar to dementia, build up of tau
proteins, and common in athletes with multiple concussions. Cause memory loss, aggression,
confusion, and depression.
List impairment area that can limit access to education post TBI in children - ANS ✔✔Motor
impairments, physical effects, feeding disorders, sensory impairments, communication
impairments, cognitive impairments, fatigue, medical issues, and social-emotional or behavioral
difficulties.
Define scatter skills - ANS ✔✔Everyday performance can fluctuate or may experience
discrepancies among skills and abilities. This can be misunderstood by caregivers and teachers.