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Summary Theoretical Particle Physics : Complete Exam Revision Compendium (QFT, QED, QCD, Electroweak, Higgs, Flavour, Neutrinos, Anomalies) - Formulas, Derivations & Practice Questions

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COMPLETE EXAM-READY REVISION GUIDE FOR THEORETICAL PARTICLE PHYSICS (MASTER'S LEVEL) This is a self-contained, exam-focused compendium covering the entire standard Master's-level Theoretical Particle Physics curriculum: relativistic fields and the S-matrix, QED and amplitude computations, renormalization and the RG, non-abelian gauge theories (Yang-Mills, Faddeev-Popov, BRST), QCD and deep inelastic scattering, the Higgs mechanism, the full electroweak theory, flavour physics and CP violation, neutrino masses and oscillations, quantum anomalies, and an overview of Beyond-the-Standard-Model physics. WHAT'S INSIDE (40+ pages): - Chapter-by-chapter breakdown with Core Concepts, Physical Interpretation, Key Assumptions, and Connections between topics - A complete Formula Sheet per chapter — every symbol defined, with validity range and physical meaning - Step-by-step derivations of every result you're expected to reproduce under exam conditions (e+e- → μ+μ- from scratch, Schwinger's ae = α/2π, the QCD beta function b0 = 11 - 2/3 nf, the seesaw mechanism, the triangle anomaly, and more) - Scaling relations and order-of-magnitude estimates for quick sanity checks - ASCII concept maps and diagrams linking each topic to the bigger picture - Typical exam questions after every chapter (conceptual, calculation, and derivation-style) HIGH-YIELD EXAM SECTION (the core of the document): - Top 100 formulas to know by heart - Top 50 derivations to reproduce from memory - Top 50 concepts frequently tested - Top 50 common mistakes students make (and how to avoid them) - Top 50 physical interpretations examiners expect you to state - Top 30 order-of-magnitude estimates - Top 30 conceptual traps Plus a condensed LAST-DAY REVISION SHEET for the final hours before the exam: every critical formula, definition, diagram, and numerical value you need, distilled onto a few pages. WHO THIS IS FOR: Master's/graduate students preparing for a Theoretical Particle Physics final (QFT-based courses covering the Standard Model), or anyone needing a rigorous, derivation-first refresher on gauge theories and particle physics before exams, oral defenses, or research interviews. Every result is presented with the logic behind it, not just the final answer, so you understand WHY the formula works, not just what it says. Tags [MEM] and [der] tell you exactly what to memorize verbatim versus what to be able to re-derive. Format: PDF, fully typeset, cross-referenced, ready to print or study on tablet/laptop.

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Theoretical Particle Physics
Master Revision Compendium
Everything to Know by Heart Before the Final Examination



This is a self-contained, exam-focused revision document for a Master’s-level course in Theoretical Particle
Physics (quantum field theory, gauge theories, the Standard Model and its computations). It is organised
chapter by chapter; each chapter contains Core Concepts, an Essential Formula Sheet (every symbol defined,
with validity and physical meaning), the Fundamental Derivations you should reproduce, Scaling and Order-of-
Magnitude estimates, Diagrams and Concept Maps, and Typical Exam Questions. Three dedicated high-yield
sections follow (top formulas, derivations, concepts, mistakes, interpretations, estimates and traps), and a
condensed Last-Day Revision Sheet closes the document.

Conventions.
Natural units ℏ = c = 1; mostly-minus metric g µν = diag(+, −, −, −); ε0123 = +1. Fermion spinors normalised
to ūu = 2m. Amplitudes written iM.

How to read the tags.
[MEM] marks a result to memorise exactly — it is faster to recall than to derive, and examiners expect
it instantly. [der] marks a result you should be able to re-derive under exam conditions from a memorised
starting point; learn the logic, not the final line. Boxed equations are the load-bearing results of each chapter.

,Theoretical Particle Physics — Master Revision Compendium CONTENTS



Contents


1 Relativistic Fields, the S-Matrix and Feynman Rules 7
1.1 Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.1 Fundamental ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.2 Physical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.3 Key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.4 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 Essential Formula Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Fundamental Derivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.1 The 2 → 2 cross-section master formula [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2
1.3.2 From |M| to a trace [MEM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.3 Feynman rules from a Lagrangian (the ϕ4 prototype) [der] . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Scaling Relations and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Diagrams and Concept Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.6 Typical Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Quantum Electrodynamics and Amplitude Computations 10
2.1 Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.1 Fundamental ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.2 Physical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.3 Key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.4 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Essential Formula Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Fundamental Derivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.1 e+ e− → µ+ µ− end to end [MEM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.2 Gauge invariance of Compton [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.3 Schwinger ae = α/2π [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 Scaling Relations and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 Diagrams and Concept Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.6 Typical Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3 Renormalization and the Renormalization Group 12
3.1 Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.1 Fundamental ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.2 Physical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.3 Key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.4 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2 Essential Formula Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12


2

,Theoretical Particle Physics — Master Revision Compendium CONTENTS



3.3 Fundamental Derivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3.1 Vacuum polarisation and the running coupling [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3.2 Solving the RG equation [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3.3 Counting divergences [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.4 Scaling Relations and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.5 Diagrams and Concept Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.6 Typical Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4 Non-Abelian Gauge Theories: Yang–Mills, Faddeev–Popov, BRST 14
4.1 Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.1 Fundamental ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.2 Physical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.3 Key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.4 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2 Essential Formula Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3 Fundamental Derivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.3.1 Field strength from the commutator [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.3.2 Faddeev–Popov determinant [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.3.3 One-loop β0 = 11 − 23 nf [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.4 Scaling Relations and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5 Diagrams and Concept Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.6 Typical Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5 Quantum Chromodynamics: Asymptotic Freedom, DIS, Partons 16
5.1 Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.1 Fundamental ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.2 Physical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.3 Key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.4 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2 Essential Formula Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.3 Fundamental Derivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3.1 R-ratio and the colour factor [MEM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3.2 Callan–Gross from spin [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3.3 Asymptotic freedom [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.4 Scaling Relations and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.5 Diagrams and Concept Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.6 Typical Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Higgs Mechanism 18
6.1 Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3

, Theoretical Particle Physics — Master Revision Compendium CONTENTS



6.1.1 Fundamental ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.1.2 Physical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.1.3 Key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.1.4 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.2 Essential Formula Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.3 Fundamental Derivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.3.1 Goldstone bosons from a broken global symmetry [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.3.2 The abelian Higgs mechanism [MEM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.3.3 W, Z masses in the SM [MEM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.4 Scaling Relations and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.5 Diagrams and Concept Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.6 Typical Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

7 The Electroweak Theory (Glashow–Salam–Weinberg) 19
7.1 Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.1.1 Fundamental ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.1.2 Physical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.1.3 Key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.1.4 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.2 Essential Formula Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.3 Fundamental Derivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.3.1 W, Z, γ masses and mixing [MEM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.3.2 Fermi theory as the low-energy limit [MEM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.3.3 Z → f f¯ width [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.4 Scaling Relations and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.5 Diagrams and Concept Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.6 Typical Exam Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

8 Flavour Physics and CP Violation 21
8.1 Core Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.1.1 Fundamental ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.1.2 Physical interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.1.3 Key assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.1.4 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2 Essential Formula Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.3 Fundamental Derivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.3.1 Counting CKM parameters [MEM] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.3.2 GIM mechanism [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.3.3 CP from a complex phase [der] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22


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