CWB: Level 2 MODULE 7 RESIDUAL
STRESS & DISTORTION Questions
Fully Solved.
Define Compression ? - Answer To reduce in volume, or the state of being compressed. To
force together or into less space
Define Contraction? - Answer To become reduced in size. To pull together, shrink or wrinkle.
Define Distortion? - Answer The act of distorting. A physical change in shape by bending,
twisting or warping.
Define Ductility? - Answer Capability of being easily molded or shaped
Define Expansion? - Answer Enlargement or increase. Increase in the dimension of a body
Define Intermittent Welding ? - Answer Welding that is not continuous over the length of the
joint
Define Lateral Shrinkage? - Answer The process of being drawn together parallel to the line of
the joint
Define Longitudinally? - Answer Running lengthwise or pertaining to length
Define Neutral Axis? - Answer Occupying a middle position of symmetrical shape. Through
the center of gravity.
Define Peening? - Answer The act of inducing compression into the surface layers of an
object. Often performing by striking the surface of a metal object with a ball shaped device, i.e
ball-peen hammer, or blasting with specific procedures, i.e shot peening.
Define Periphery? - Answer The outer part of an object or area
Define Residual Stresses? - Answer Stresses remaining after a process has been completed.
Stress present in a material that is free of external forces or thermal gradients.
, Define Permanent Deformation ? - Answer Shape change that is not reversible by the
removal of the forces (plastic deformation) that caused it.
Define Restrain? - Answer To prevent or limit movement
Define Restraint? - Answer The act of holding back
Define Shrinkage Force? - Answer An internal force exerted on a component due to uneven
dimensional change during heating and cooling
Define Strain? - Answer A shape change produced by stress
Define Stress? - Answer An internal force or system of forces that tend to strain or deform an
object or body. Force per unit area.
Define Symmetrical? - Answer Exactly uniform in shape about a dividing line or about a
center or axis.
Define Transverse? - Answer Situated or lying across
Define Tensile Stress? - Answer A stress that tends to cause elongation or extension
Define Upset? - Answer To make shorter or thicker
EXAM QUESTION Section 1-4
Describe or sketch what happens when a bar is gripped at both ends so that neither expansion
nor contraction is allowed to take place, and heat is then applied. - Answer a)Causing
upsetting,
b)upsetting remains on cooling and bar stretches or
EXAM QUESTION Section 1-4
Weld metal shrinkage is not proportional to the amount of weld metal.
True/False - Answer False
EXAM QUESTION Section 1-4
Longitudinal residual stress may be as high as the yield stress of the base metal.
True/False - Answer True
STRESS & DISTORTION Questions
Fully Solved.
Define Compression ? - Answer To reduce in volume, or the state of being compressed. To
force together or into less space
Define Contraction? - Answer To become reduced in size. To pull together, shrink or wrinkle.
Define Distortion? - Answer The act of distorting. A physical change in shape by bending,
twisting or warping.
Define Ductility? - Answer Capability of being easily molded or shaped
Define Expansion? - Answer Enlargement or increase. Increase in the dimension of a body
Define Intermittent Welding ? - Answer Welding that is not continuous over the length of the
joint
Define Lateral Shrinkage? - Answer The process of being drawn together parallel to the line of
the joint
Define Longitudinally? - Answer Running lengthwise or pertaining to length
Define Neutral Axis? - Answer Occupying a middle position of symmetrical shape. Through
the center of gravity.
Define Peening? - Answer The act of inducing compression into the surface layers of an
object. Often performing by striking the surface of a metal object with a ball shaped device, i.e
ball-peen hammer, or blasting with specific procedures, i.e shot peening.
Define Periphery? - Answer The outer part of an object or area
Define Residual Stresses? - Answer Stresses remaining after a process has been completed.
Stress present in a material that is free of external forces or thermal gradients.
, Define Permanent Deformation ? - Answer Shape change that is not reversible by the
removal of the forces (plastic deformation) that caused it.
Define Restrain? - Answer To prevent or limit movement
Define Restraint? - Answer The act of holding back
Define Shrinkage Force? - Answer An internal force exerted on a component due to uneven
dimensional change during heating and cooling
Define Strain? - Answer A shape change produced by stress
Define Stress? - Answer An internal force or system of forces that tend to strain or deform an
object or body. Force per unit area.
Define Symmetrical? - Answer Exactly uniform in shape about a dividing line or about a
center or axis.
Define Transverse? - Answer Situated or lying across
Define Tensile Stress? - Answer A stress that tends to cause elongation or extension
Define Upset? - Answer To make shorter or thicker
EXAM QUESTION Section 1-4
Describe or sketch what happens when a bar is gripped at both ends so that neither expansion
nor contraction is allowed to take place, and heat is then applied. - Answer a)Causing
upsetting,
b)upsetting remains on cooling and bar stretches or
EXAM QUESTION Section 1-4
Weld metal shrinkage is not proportional to the amount of weld metal.
True/False - Answer False
EXAM QUESTION Section 1-4
Longitudinal residual stress may be as high as the yield stress of the base metal.
True/False - Answer True
