BIOL 235 REVIEW 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION SET UPDATED 100%
CORRECT.
⩥ internal elastic lamina. Answer- outermost part of the tunica interna.
Thin sheet of elastic fibres with a variable number of windowlike
openings that give it the look of Swiss cheese. These openings facilitate
diffusion of materials through the tunica interna to the thicker tunica
media.
⩥ tunica media. Answer- muscular and connective tissue layer that
displays the greatest variation among the different vessel types. In most
vessels, it is a relatively thick layer comprising mainly smooth muscle
cells and substantial amounts of elastic fibres.
⩥ vasoconstriction. Answer- decrease in the diameter of the lumen of a
blood vessel. Due to increase in sympathetic stimulation that stimulates
the smooth muscle to contract, squeezing the vessel wall and narrowing
the lumen.
⩥ vasodilation. Answer- increase in lumen diameter. Due to decreased
sympathetic stimulation, the presence of certain chemicals, or in
response to blood pressure. Causes the smooth muscle fibres to relax.
,⩥ external elastic lamina. Answer- network of elastic fibres that
separates the tunica media from the tunica externa. Part of the tunica
media.
⩥ tunica externa. Answer- outer covering of a blood vessel and consists
of elastic and collagen fibres. Contains numerous nerves and, especially
in larger vessels, tiny blood vessels that supply the tissue of the vessel
wall. Also helps anchor the vessels to surrounding tissues.
⩥ vasa vasorum. Answer- small vessels that supply blood to outer part of
the larger vessels
⩥ compliance. Answer- characteristic of blood vessels. Walls stretch
easily or expand without tearing in response to a small increase in
pressure.
⩥ elastic arteries. Answer- largest diameter among arteries, but their
vessel walls (approximately one-tenth of the vessel's total diameter) are
relatively thin compared with the overall size of the vessel.
Characterized by well-defined internal and external elastic laminae,
along with a thick tunica media that is dominated by elastic fibres, called
the elastic lamellae. Includes aorta, pulmonary trunk, along with the
aorta's major initial branches, such as the brachiocephalic, subclavian,
common carotid, and common iliac arteries.
, ⩥ elastic lamellae. Answer- in elastic arteries. Thick tunica media that is
dominated by elastic fibres.
⩥ pressure reservoir. Answer- function of elastic arteries. As they
stretch, the elastic fibres momentarily store mechanical energy. Then, the
elastic fibres recoil and convert stored energy in the vessel into kinetic
energy of the blood. Keeps blood flowing during ventricular diastole.
⩥ muscular arteries. Answer- medium-sized arteries. Their tunica media
contains more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers than elastic
arteries. Capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to adjust
the rate of blood flow. Examples include the brachial artery in the arm
and radial artery in the forearm.
⩥ distributing arteries. Answer- term for muscular arteries due to the fact
that they continue to branch and ultimately distribute blood to each of
the various organs.
⩥ anastamoses. Answer- union of the branches of two or more arteries
supplying the same body region. Provide alternative routes for blood to
reach a tissue or organ. May also occur between veins and between
arterioles and venules.
⩥ collateral circulation. Answer- the alternative route of blood flow to a
body part through an anastomosis.
EXAMINATION SET UPDATED 100%
CORRECT.
⩥ internal elastic lamina. Answer- outermost part of the tunica interna.
Thin sheet of elastic fibres with a variable number of windowlike
openings that give it the look of Swiss cheese. These openings facilitate
diffusion of materials through the tunica interna to the thicker tunica
media.
⩥ tunica media. Answer- muscular and connective tissue layer that
displays the greatest variation among the different vessel types. In most
vessels, it is a relatively thick layer comprising mainly smooth muscle
cells and substantial amounts of elastic fibres.
⩥ vasoconstriction. Answer- decrease in the diameter of the lumen of a
blood vessel. Due to increase in sympathetic stimulation that stimulates
the smooth muscle to contract, squeezing the vessel wall and narrowing
the lumen.
⩥ vasodilation. Answer- increase in lumen diameter. Due to decreased
sympathetic stimulation, the presence of certain chemicals, or in
response to blood pressure. Causes the smooth muscle fibres to relax.
,⩥ external elastic lamina. Answer- network of elastic fibres that
separates the tunica media from the tunica externa. Part of the tunica
media.
⩥ tunica externa. Answer- outer covering of a blood vessel and consists
of elastic and collagen fibres. Contains numerous nerves and, especially
in larger vessels, tiny blood vessels that supply the tissue of the vessel
wall. Also helps anchor the vessels to surrounding tissues.
⩥ vasa vasorum. Answer- small vessels that supply blood to outer part of
the larger vessels
⩥ compliance. Answer- characteristic of blood vessels. Walls stretch
easily or expand without tearing in response to a small increase in
pressure.
⩥ elastic arteries. Answer- largest diameter among arteries, but their
vessel walls (approximately one-tenth of the vessel's total diameter) are
relatively thin compared with the overall size of the vessel.
Characterized by well-defined internal and external elastic laminae,
along with a thick tunica media that is dominated by elastic fibres, called
the elastic lamellae. Includes aorta, pulmonary trunk, along with the
aorta's major initial branches, such as the brachiocephalic, subclavian,
common carotid, and common iliac arteries.
, ⩥ elastic lamellae. Answer- in elastic arteries. Thick tunica media that is
dominated by elastic fibres.
⩥ pressure reservoir. Answer- function of elastic arteries. As they
stretch, the elastic fibres momentarily store mechanical energy. Then, the
elastic fibres recoil and convert stored energy in the vessel into kinetic
energy of the blood. Keeps blood flowing during ventricular diastole.
⩥ muscular arteries. Answer- medium-sized arteries. Their tunica media
contains more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers than elastic
arteries. Capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation to adjust
the rate of blood flow. Examples include the brachial artery in the arm
and radial artery in the forearm.
⩥ distributing arteries. Answer- term for muscular arteries due to the fact
that they continue to branch and ultimately distribute blood to each of
the various organs.
⩥ anastamoses. Answer- union of the branches of two or more arteries
supplying the same body region. Provide alternative routes for blood to
reach a tissue or organ. May also occur between veins and between
arterioles and venules.
⩥ collateral circulation. Answer- the alternative route of blood flow to a
body part through an anastomosis.
