LS 7C Week 1 Study Guide ~ Cell
Signaling EXAM QUESTION AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ [LATEST UPDATE] 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
an "activated" receptor transfer information into the cell through a conformational change of
the receptor
Receptors for polar signaling molecules → Cell-surface Receptors - CORRECT ANSWER-- Ion
channels: open and close, altering the flow of ions across the plasma membrane --> help ions
and other molecules diffuse into and out of the cell by providing a hydrophilic pathway through
the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane,
- Ligand-gated ion channels: open when bound by their ligand
- Voltage-gated ion channels: respond to change in voltage
- Receptor kinase: undergoes changes in phosphorylation in response to binding of its ligand =
changes in gene expression that allows cells to grow, divide, differentiate, or change shape.
, - G protein-coupled receptor: couples to G proteins, which bind to the guanine nucleotides GTP
and GDP = shorter-term changes in the cell → activating enzymes or opening ion channels
Receptors for nonpolar signaling molecules → Intracellular Receptor - CORRECT ANSWER-Ex:
Hormone, Steroid receptor (hydrophobic)
Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER-A kinase transfers a phosphate
group from ATP to a protein, typically activating the protein - involved in activating other
proteins and continuing the signaling pathway
A phosphate removes a phosphate group from a protein - typically deactivates proteins and aids
in termination of signaling pathway
Short-term Signaling - CORRECT ANSWER-Paracrine Signaling → signaling molecules move by
diffusion
The signal is usually a small, water-soluble molecule growth factor
- Neurotransmitters
- Autocrine Signaling: signaling cell and responding cell are one and the same
Long-term Signaling - CORRECT ANSWER-Endocrine Signaling → signaling molecules travel
through the bloodstream (circulatory system)
- Hormones
Direct Cell-Cell Contact - CORRECT ANSWER-the signal and the receptor are both cell surface
molecules on adjacent cells
Signaling EXAM QUESTION AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ [LATEST UPDATE] 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
an "activated" receptor transfer information into the cell through a conformational change of
the receptor
Receptors for polar signaling molecules → Cell-surface Receptors - CORRECT ANSWER-- Ion
channels: open and close, altering the flow of ions across the plasma membrane --> help ions
and other molecules diffuse into and out of the cell by providing a hydrophilic pathway through
the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane,
- Ligand-gated ion channels: open when bound by their ligand
- Voltage-gated ion channels: respond to change in voltage
- Receptor kinase: undergoes changes in phosphorylation in response to binding of its ligand =
changes in gene expression that allows cells to grow, divide, differentiate, or change shape.
, - G protein-coupled receptor: couples to G proteins, which bind to the guanine nucleotides GTP
and GDP = shorter-term changes in the cell → activating enzymes or opening ion channels
Receptors for nonpolar signaling molecules → Intracellular Receptor - CORRECT ANSWER-Ex:
Hormone, Steroid receptor (hydrophobic)
Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER-A kinase transfers a phosphate
group from ATP to a protein, typically activating the protein - involved in activating other
proteins and continuing the signaling pathway
A phosphate removes a phosphate group from a protein - typically deactivates proteins and aids
in termination of signaling pathway
Short-term Signaling - CORRECT ANSWER-Paracrine Signaling → signaling molecules move by
diffusion
The signal is usually a small, water-soluble molecule growth factor
- Neurotransmitters
- Autocrine Signaling: signaling cell and responding cell are one and the same
Long-term Signaling - CORRECT ANSWER-Endocrine Signaling → signaling molecules travel
through the bloodstream (circulatory system)
- Hormones
Direct Cell-Cell Contact - CORRECT ANSWER-the signal and the receptor are both cell surface
molecules on adjacent cells
