Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 | Question
and Answer | 2026/2027 Updated Exam Review
| Real Past Paper Extracts | A+ Verified
• Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources .
CORRECT ANSWER: Parasympathetic nervous system
• which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself .
CORRECT ANSWER: Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
• how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) .
CORRECT ANSWER: blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to
GI and integumentary is decreased
• how are primary brain injuries classified . CORRECT ANSWER: focal or
diffuse (aka multifocal)
• focal brain injuries . CORRECT ANSWER: specific, grossly observable brain
lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
• diffuse brain injuries . CORRECT ANSWER: include brain injury due to
hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
• autonomic hyperreflexia . CORRECT ANSWER: characterized by paroxysmal
HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating
, above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea,
piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
• location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia . CORRECT ANSWER:
individual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
• sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia . CORRECT
ANSWER: bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact
ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the
HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and
peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the
cord
• Alzheimer's disease . CORRECT ANSWER: leading cause of dementia and one
of the most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
• what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease . CORRECT
ANSWER: age, family history
• what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease . CORRECT
ANSWER: low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs,
physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
• what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD .
CORRECT ANSWER: PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP
(amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
and Answer | 2026/2027 Updated Exam Review
| Real Past Paper Extracts | A+ Verified
• Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources .
CORRECT ANSWER: Parasympathetic nervous system
• which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself .
CORRECT ANSWER: Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
• how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) .
CORRECT ANSWER: blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to
GI and integumentary is decreased
• how are primary brain injuries classified . CORRECT ANSWER: focal or
diffuse (aka multifocal)
• focal brain injuries . CORRECT ANSWER: specific, grossly observable brain
lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
• diffuse brain injuries . CORRECT ANSWER: include brain injury due to
hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
• autonomic hyperreflexia . CORRECT ANSWER: characterized by paroxysmal
HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating
, above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea,
piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
• location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia . CORRECT ANSWER:
individual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
• sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia . CORRECT
ANSWER: bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact
ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the
HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and
peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the
cord
• Alzheimer's disease . CORRECT ANSWER: leading cause of dementia and one
of the most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
• what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease . CORRECT
ANSWER: age, family history
• what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease . CORRECT
ANSWER: low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs,
physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
• what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD .
CORRECT ANSWER: PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP
(amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
