,NUR 5461 MODULE 1 QUIZ – Advanced
Pathophysiology (2026)
William Paterson University (WPU) – Practice
Examination
Questions 1–200
SECTION 1: Cellular Adaptation, Injury &
Necrosis (Questions 1–40)
1. A patient with hypertension develops left
ventricular hypertrophy. This is an example of
which type of cellular adaptation?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
,C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. In
hypertension, the left ventricle works against
increased pressure, causing heart muscle cells
(myocytes) to enlarge as an adaptive response.
2. The hallmark of apoptosis is:
A. Cell swelling and lysis with inflammation
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and
formation of apoptotic bodies without inflammation
D. Coagulative necrosis
Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death
characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin
condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and formation
of apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without
causing inflammation.
, 3. A patient who smokes has chronic bronchial
irritation. Normal ciliated columnar epithelium is
replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. This
is an example of:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement
of one differentiated cell type with another as an
adaptive response to chronic irritation. Smoking
causes the bronchial epithelium to change from
ciliated columnar to stratified squamous.
4. A researcher studies a tissue sample from an
organ that has undergone a decrease in cell size
and metabolic activity after prolonged disuse.
Pathophysiology (2026)
William Paterson University (WPU) – Practice
Examination
Questions 1–200
SECTION 1: Cellular Adaptation, Injury &
Necrosis (Questions 1–40)
1. A patient with hypertension develops left
ventricular hypertrophy. This is an example of
which type of cellular adaptation?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
,C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. In
hypertension, the left ventricle works against
increased pressure, causing heart muscle cells
(myocytes) to enlarge as an adaptive response.
2. The hallmark of apoptosis is:
A. Cell swelling and lysis with inflammation
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and
formation of apoptotic bodies without inflammation
D. Coagulative necrosis
Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is programmed cell death
characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin
condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and formation
of apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed without
causing inflammation.
, 3. A patient who smokes has chronic bronchial
irritation. Normal ciliated columnar epithelium is
replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. This
is an example of:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement
of one differentiated cell type with another as an
adaptive response to chronic irritation. Smoking
causes the bronchial epithelium to change from
ciliated columnar to stratified squamous.
4. A researcher studies a tissue sample from an
organ that has undergone a decrease in cell size
and metabolic activity after prolonged disuse.
