FRESENIUS RN EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES 2027 Q&A | INSTANT
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1. A patient with end-stage renal disease is scheduled for
hemodialysis. Which vascular access is preferred for long-term
use?
A. Femoral vein catheter
B. Tunneled central venous catheter
C. Arteriovenous fistula
D. Peripheral IV line
Answer: C. Arteriovenous fistula
Rationale: An arteriovenous fistula is the preferred long-term
access because it has the lowest infection risk and highest patency
rate compared to grafts or catheters.
2. Before initiating hemodialysis, what is the nurse’s priority
assessment?
, A. Lung sounds and weight
B. Pupillary response
C. Bowel sounds
D. Skin turgor only
Answer: A. Lung sounds and weight
Rationale: Lung sounds and pre-dialysis weight help assess fluid
overload and establish the baseline for ultrafiltration goals.
3. Which finding indicates a properly functioning AV fistula?
A. Warm, painful arm
B. Absence of bruit
C. Palpable thrill
D. Cool distal extremity
Answer: C. Palpable thrill
Rationale: A palpable thrill and audible bruit indicate patency of
the fistula and adequate blood flow.
4. Which action should be avoided in a patient with an AV fistula?
A. Checking bruit with stethoscope
B. Measuring blood pressure on the access arm
C. Palpating thrill
D. Inspecting for redness
Answer: B. Measuring blood pressure on the access arm
, Rationale: Blood pressure, IV sticks, and blood draws should be
avoided in the access arm to prevent damage.
5. What is the most common complication during hemodialysis?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperthermia
Answer: B. Hypotension
Rationale: Rapid fluid removal during dialysis often leads to
intravascular volume depletion and hypotension.
6. Which intervention helps manage dialysis-related hypotension?
A. Increase ultrafiltration rate
B. Place patient in Trendelenburg position
C. Restrict oxygen
D. Administer diuretics
Answer: B. Place patient in Trendelenburg position
Rationale: Positioning improves venous return and supports blood
pressure during hypotensive episodes.
7. What solution is used in dialysate to remove potassium?
A. High potassium bath
B. Low or zero potassium bath
, C. High glucose bath
D. Hypotonic saline
Answer: B. Low or zero potassium bath
Rationale: A low potassium dialysate creates a gradient that helps
remove excess potassium from the blood.
8. Which lab value is most concerning before dialysis?
A. Sodium 140 mEq/L
B. Potassium 6.8 mEq/L
C. Calcium 9.0 mg/dL
D. Hemoglobin 11 g/dL
Answer: B. Potassium 6.8 mEq/L
Rationale: Severe hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac
dysrhythmias and requires urgent dialysis.
9. What is the primary purpose of heparin during dialysis?
A. Increase hemoglobin
B. Prevent clotting in the dialyzer
C. Treat infection
D. Lower potassium
Answer: B. Prevent clotting in the dialyzer
Rationale: Heparin is used to prevent clot formation in the
extracorporeal circuit.
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES 2027 Q&A | INSTANT
DOWNLOAD PDF
1. A patient with end-stage renal disease is scheduled for
hemodialysis. Which vascular access is preferred for long-term
use?
A. Femoral vein catheter
B. Tunneled central venous catheter
C. Arteriovenous fistula
D. Peripheral IV line
Answer: C. Arteriovenous fistula
Rationale: An arteriovenous fistula is the preferred long-term
access because it has the lowest infection risk and highest patency
rate compared to grafts or catheters.
2. Before initiating hemodialysis, what is the nurse’s priority
assessment?
, A. Lung sounds and weight
B. Pupillary response
C. Bowel sounds
D. Skin turgor only
Answer: A. Lung sounds and weight
Rationale: Lung sounds and pre-dialysis weight help assess fluid
overload and establish the baseline for ultrafiltration goals.
3. Which finding indicates a properly functioning AV fistula?
A. Warm, painful arm
B. Absence of bruit
C. Palpable thrill
D. Cool distal extremity
Answer: C. Palpable thrill
Rationale: A palpable thrill and audible bruit indicate patency of
the fistula and adequate blood flow.
4. Which action should be avoided in a patient with an AV fistula?
A. Checking bruit with stethoscope
B. Measuring blood pressure on the access arm
C. Palpating thrill
D. Inspecting for redness
Answer: B. Measuring blood pressure on the access arm
, Rationale: Blood pressure, IV sticks, and blood draws should be
avoided in the access arm to prevent damage.
5. What is the most common complication during hemodialysis?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperthermia
Answer: B. Hypotension
Rationale: Rapid fluid removal during dialysis often leads to
intravascular volume depletion and hypotension.
6. Which intervention helps manage dialysis-related hypotension?
A. Increase ultrafiltration rate
B. Place patient in Trendelenburg position
C. Restrict oxygen
D. Administer diuretics
Answer: B. Place patient in Trendelenburg position
Rationale: Positioning improves venous return and supports blood
pressure during hypotensive episodes.
7. What solution is used in dialysate to remove potassium?
A. High potassium bath
B. Low or zero potassium bath
, C. High glucose bath
D. Hypotonic saline
Answer: B. Low or zero potassium bath
Rationale: A low potassium dialysate creates a gradient that helps
remove excess potassium from the blood.
8. Which lab value is most concerning before dialysis?
A. Sodium 140 mEq/L
B. Potassium 6.8 mEq/L
C. Calcium 9.0 mg/dL
D. Hemoglobin 11 g/dL
Answer: B. Potassium 6.8 mEq/L
Rationale: Severe hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac
dysrhythmias and requires urgent dialysis.
9. What is the primary purpose of heparin during dialysis?
A. Increase hemoglobin
B. Prevent clotting in the dialyzer
C. Treat infection
D. Lower potassium
Answer: B. Prevent clotting in the dialyzer
Rationale: Heparin is used to prevent clot formation in the
extracorporeal circuit.
