NUR 125 Exam 3 with Accurate
Solutions
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS-*Lack of insulin or production of defective insulin
Type 1 DM age of onset: - ANS-<20 years
Type 1 DM often presents with... - ANS-DKA
What does Type 1 DM always require? - ANS-exogenous insulin Rx
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS-*Reduced ability to respond to insulin and/or secrete
sufficient amounts
Type 2 DM age of onset? - ANS-adults
Co-factor of Type 2 DM? - ANS-Obesity
How to treat Type 2 DM? - ANS-Variable
Type 2 DM Risk factors? - ANS-*Overweight
*>45 years old
*Family hx
*Not physically active
*Hx of gestations diabetes
*Ethnicity
Type 1 DM Risk factors? - ANS-*Family history
*Age=usually teen or young adult
*Ethnicity-African Amr. Hispanic/Latino
What are the symptoms of Hyperglycemia? - ANS-*3 P's: Polydipsia, Polyuria,
Polyphagia
*Weight loss
*Blurry vision
*Numbness/tingling of hands or feet
*Fatigue
*Dry skin
*Slow healing
*More infections than usual
, What are the causes of hypoglycemia? - ANS-Inadequate intake of glucose OR too
much insulin
What are the symptoms of Hypoglycemia? - ANS-Hunger, confusion, trembling, heart
racing, nausea, and sweating (severe cases, coma and death)
What is the treatment of hypoglycemia? - ANS-*15 gr fast-acting carb:
(3-4 glucose tablets, one tube of glucose gel, 4-6 pieces of hard candy (not sugar free)
1/2 cup fruit juice, 1 cup skim milk, 1/2 cup soft drink, 1 tbs honey)
*Administer GLUCAGON
*Administer 50% Dextrose IVP to pts with diminished LOC
What is an example of a hyperglycemic emergency for a Type 1 Diabetic? - ANS-DKA
What are the symptoms of DKA? - ANS-BG> 300
Ketosis
Fruity breath
Lethargy
Kussmaul's Resp
Dehydration
What is an example of a Type 2 Diabetic emergency? - ANS-Hyperglycemic
Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
What are the symptoms of HHNS? - ANS-Gradual onset
BG as high as 800
Hi blood osmolarity
No ketosis
Dehydration
Confusion (Coma)
Muscle jerking-seizures
How do you treat hyperglycemia? - ANS-*Fluid replacement
*Electrolyte replacement
*Insulin therapy
*Monitor; Glucose, K, ABG, EKG, Neuro status.
Hyperglycemia and insulin therapy - ANS-*Regular insulin IV drip
*Insulin causes K to go from blood into cells resulting in Hypoglycemia
Why would you watch a patients neuro status with IV infusion (Diabetes)? - ANS-Rapid
IV infusion can cause cerebral edema
Rapid acting insulin (names) - ANS-lispro, aspart, glulisine
Solutions
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS-*Lack of insulin or production of defective insulin
Type 1 DM age of onset: - ANS-<20 years
Type 1 DM often presents with... - ANS-DKA
What does Type 1 DM always require? - ANS-exogenous insulin Rx
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS-*Reduced ability to respond to insulin and/or secrete
sufficient amounts
Type 2 DM age of onset? - ANS-adults
Co-factor of Type 2 DM? - ANS-Obesity
How to treat Type 2 DM? - ANS-Variable
Type 2 DM Risk factors? - ANS-*Overweight
*>45 years old
*Family hx
*Not physically active
*Hx of gestations diabetes
*Ethnicity
Type 1 DM Risk factors? - ANS-*Family history
*Age=usually teen or young adult
*Ethnicity-African Amr. Hispanic/Latino
What are the symptoms of Hyperglycemia? - ANS-*3 P's: Polydipsia, Polyuria,
Polyphagia
*Weight loss
*Blurry vision
*Numbness/tingling of hands or feet
*Fatigue
*Dry skin
*Slow healing
*More infections than usual
, What are the causes of hypoglycemia? - ANS-Inadequate intake of glucose OR too
much insulin
What are the symptoms of Hypoglycemia? - ANS-Hunger, confusion, trembling, heart
racing, nausea, and sweating (severe cases, coma and death)
What is the treatment of hypoglycemia? - ANS-*15 gr fast-acting carb:
(3-4 glucose tablets, one tube of glucose gel, 4-6 pieces of hard candy (not sugar free)
1/2 cup fruit juice, 1 cup skim milk, 1/2 cup soft drink, 1 tbs honey)
*Administer GLUCAGON
*Administer 50% Dextrose IVP to pts with diminished LOC
What is an example of a hyperglycemic emergency for a Type 1 Diabetic? - ANS-DKA
What are the symptoms of DKA? - ANS-BG> 300
Ketosis
Fruity breath
Lethargy
Kussmaul's Resp
Dehydration
What is an example of a Type 2 Diabetic emergency? - ANS-Hyperglycemic
Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
What are the symptoms of HHNS? - ANS-Gradual onset
BG as high as 800
Hi blood osmolarity
No ketosis
Dehydration
Confusion (Coma)
Muscle jerking-seizures
How do you treat hyperglycemia? - ANS-*Fluid replacement
*Electrolyte replacement
*Insulin therapy
*Monitor; Glucose, K, ABG, EKG, Neuro status.
Hyperglycemia and insulin therapy - ANS-*Regular insulin IV drip
*Insulin causes K to go from blood into cells resulting in Hypoglycemia
Why would you watch a patients neuro status with IV infusion (Diabetes)? - ANS-Rapid
IV infusion can cause cerebral edema
Rapid acting insulin (names) - ANS-lispro, aspart, glulisine
